摘要



機器的振動是一種常見的現(xiàn)象，但是除了一些利用振動工作的機器外，對于一般的機器來說，振動是有害的。振動將使機器的零部件承受附加的動載荷，明顯的加速軸承、軸頸的磨損影響機器的工作性能，降低機器的精度，縮短機器的工作壽命。而使旋轉(zhuǎn)機械產(chǎn)生振動的主要原因之一是由于轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡質(zhì)量的慣性力或慣性力矩所造成的。所謂的平衡即是根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)子——支承系統(tǒng)的動力學特性，并通過測量轉(zhuǎn)子——支承系統(tǒng)有關(guān)側(cè)點振動與轉(zhuǎn)速同頻分量的幅值大小和相位信息來判斷不平衡大小和位置，以便采取措施進行平衡的一門技術(shù)；而平衡機的功能就是測量轉(zhuǎn)子的不平衡量。

在立式平衡機上對工件進行平衡測量時需要附帶夾具，定心夾緊機構(gòu)能夠在準確自動定心或?qū)χ械耐瑫r夾緊工件。因此，機構(gòu)中與工件定位基準相接觸的元件，既是定位元件又是夾緊元件。當元件被加工面以中心要素（軸線、中心平面等）為工序基準時，采用定心夾緊機構(gòu)，能實現(xiàn)基準重合，可提高定位精度。本設(shè)計采用彈性夾頭這種定心夾緊機構(gòu)，由液壓系統(tǒng)提供動力，制動器實現(xiàn)主軸的制動。





關(guān)鍵詞：平衡機、液壓、彈性夾頭、制動器



ABSTRACT



The vibration machine is a common phenomenon, but apart from some work of vibration of the machinery, for the general machinery, the vibration is harmful. Under the influence of the vibration, machine parts will bear the additional dynamic load, significantly speeding up the bearings and the journal of wear and tear, which affect machines’ work performance, and reduce the accuracy of machines, shorten the machines’ working life. One of the main reason for the rotating machinery to produce vibration is due to the rotor imbalance quality of inertia or moment of inertia. The so-called balance that is in accordance with the Rotor – Support System’s dynamic character, and by measuring the Rotor - Support system at the side of the vibration and speed-frequency components of the same size amplitude and phase information to determine the size and location of imbalance, a technology in order to take measures to balance . While balancing machines feature is the measurement of the imbalance of the rotor.

Measurement of the workpiece to balance need fringe fixture in the vertical balancing machines, centering clamping institutions can accurately or automatic centering on the workpiece while clamping the workpiece. Therefore, agencies that contact with the positioning benchmark of the workpiece, is not only positioning devices but also clamping components. When the processing plane of workpiece use a central element (axis, the center plane, etc.) as the benchmark process, using centering clamping institutions, which can achieve the benchmark coincidence and improve positioning accuracy. The centering clamping institution that used in this design is a flexible chuck, which provided the impetus by the hydraulic system, and whose spindle braked by the brakes.





Key words: the balancing machines, hydraulic, flexible chuck, brakes



目錄



中文摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

1 緒論 1

2 單面立式硬平衡機 2

2.1立式硬平衡機的工作原理 2

2.2方案確定 3

3 制動裝置的設(shè)計 4

3.1 制動機構(gòu)簡圖 4

3.2 制動力矩的計算 4

3.3 YDWZ 200/25型制動器的使用條件 6

3.4 復(fù)位彈簧的計算 6

3.5 擺架系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與計算 7

3.5.1頻率比的選取 7

3.5.2固有頻率的計算 7

4 簧板 9

5 液壓定心夾具 10

5.1 液壓定心夾緊機構(gòu)的工作原理 10

5.2 彈性夾頭的設(shè)計計算 11

5.3 碟形彈簧 12

5.4 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 13

5.4.1液壓傳動系統(tǒng)的流程設(shè)計 13

5.4.2明確傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的要求 13

5.5 工況分析 15

5.5.1液壓系統(tǒng)圖的擬訂 15

5.5.2液壓回路的選擇 15

5.6 液壓系統(tǒng)的組成與特點 17

5.6.1液壓系統(tǒng)的組成 17

5.6.2液壓系統(tǒng)的特點 17

5.7 液壓元件的選擇計算 18

5.7.1液壓泵的初步選擇 18

5.7.2液壓缸的設(shè)計和計算 20

5.7.3缸筒和缸蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)計算 20

5.7.4液壓泵站 22

5.7.5液壓介質(zhì)的選擇 23

5.7.6泵組的選擇 24

5.7.7油箱組件的設(shè)計計算 24

5.7.8油管及輔助元件的選擇計算 28

5.7.9液壓管路的設(shè)計計算 29

5.7.10空氣過濾器及液位器的選擇 31

5.7.11過濾器組件的選擇 31

5.7.12壓力表及壓力開關(guān)的選擇 31

5.8 液壓定心夾具的設(shè)計需注意的問題 32

6 總結(jié) 33

參考文獻