According to the maintenance and JiShou tractor operation problems and measures (foreign language translation)

The tractor is a mobile agricultural machinery, it can traction, suspension and drive all kinds of machinery, in agricultural production can complete the plow, and broadcast, accept and intertillage and transportation DuoZhong homework. The maintenance and operation JiShou tractor correctly or not directly related to the work safety and efficiency. Motorcycle According to the DuoNian investigation and research, will the maintenance and JiShou tractor operation of existing problems and countermeasures in order to JiShou homework as follows, to provide the reference.

1 the maintenance

One is to pay attention to work conditions. Tractor in low-lying paddy fields of the work, should avoid to do, do car after car to take traction and implementation method of the excluded, and must not use the method of floor (smoke) makes walking system adjustment idling. In a sharp and leave chi chi high dry land of the work, to prevent the tires were karzai and shaft is crops …………
拖拉機(jī)是一種移動(dòng)式農(nóng)用動(dòng)力機(jī)械,它能牽引、懸掛并驅(qū)動(dòng)各種農(nóng)機(jī)具,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中能完成耕、耙、播、收、中耕和運(yùn)輸?shù)榷喾N作業(yè)。拖拉機(jī)的養(yǎng)護(hù)及機(jī)手操作正確與否,直接關(guān)系到機(jī)車作業(yè)安全和工作效率。筆者根據(jù)多年的調(diào)研,將拖拉機(jī)的養(yǎng)護(hù)及機(jī)手操作中存在的問(wèn)題和對(duì)策綜述如下,以期為機(jī)手作業(yè)提供參考。
　　1拖拉機(jī)的養(yǎng)護(hù)
　　一是注意作業(yè)條件。拖拉機(jī)在低洼的水田中作業(yè)時(shí),要盡量避免陷車,陷車后要采取牽引和推行的方法排除,切不可用加大油門(mén)的方法(冒黑煙)使行走系統(tǒng)調(diào)整空轉(zhuǎn)。在根茬尖銳和留茬較高的旱地中作業(yè),要防止輪胎被扎和轉(zhuǎn)軸被作物秸稈纏繞。二是及時(shí)清洗保潔。拖拉機(jī)作業(yè)結(jié)束后,要及時(shí)將輪子及履帶上沾染的污泥清除(清洗)掉,使行走系統(tǒng)保持潔凈,尤其是支重輪的端面油封裝置要及時(shí)清泥、檢查和保養(yǎng)。此外,還要注意勿讓油、酸、堿等腐蝕性物質(zhì)沾染橡膠輪胎[1-2]。三是保持正常的輪胎氣壓和履帶張緊度。使用拖拉機(jī)之前,要認(rèn)真檢查輪胎的氣壓是否正常(運(yùn)輸作業(yè)時(shí)可略高些,田間作業(yè)時(shí)要偏低些),以免引起癟胎或爆胎。履帶過(guò)松或過(guò)緊,都易引起履帶板、履帶軸及輪子加速磨損,故一定要保持適宜的張緊度。
　　2機(jī)手操作存在的問(wèn)題及對(duì)策
　　2.1啟動(dòng)后馬上投入作業(yè)
　　若起步后馬上投入作業(yè),由于此時(shí)機(jī)溫較低(特別是冬季),突然加大油門(mén)會(huì)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃油燃燒不完全,排氣管冒黑煙,氣缸積炭。另外,剛啟動(dòng)時(shí)各運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)件表面潤(rùn)滑油膜尚未完全形成,潤(rùn)滑油黏度較大,不易流動(dòng),必然會(huì)加速運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)件的磨損。正確方法是拖拉機(jī)啟動(dòng)后,應(yīng)在小油門(mén)位置適當(dāng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)10 min左右,待冷卻水溫升至45 ℃后起步,水溫升到60 ℃時(shí)正式投入作業(yè)。
　　2.2起步前猛松離合器
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