智能水溫控制系統(tǒng)

摘    要

隨著控制理論和電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，工業(yè)控制器的適應(yīng)能力增強(qiáng)和高度智能化正逐步成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。其中以單片機(jī)為核心實(shí)現(xiàn)的數(shù)字控制器因其體積小、成本低、功能強(qiáng)、簡(jiǎn)便易行而得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
本文詳細(xì)闡述了基于單片機(jī)的水溫控制系統(tǒng)的硬件組成、軟件設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)的接口電路設(shè)計(jì)。其硬件部分主要采用溫度傳感器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器等進(jìn)行溫度的采集；其軟件控制核心主要采用PID控制算法。它具有控制精度高，能夠克服容量滯后的特點(diǎn)，特別適用于負(fù)荷變化大、容量滯后較大、控制品質(zhì)要求又很高的控制系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)通過(guò)調(diào)整PID的三個(gè)系數(shù)以達(dá)到對(duì)水溫的實(shí)時(shí)控制，程序的可移植性強(qiáng)，有很好的推廣、應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

關(guān)鍵字  單片機(jī)  溫度控制  PID控制  參數(shù)整定

 
Intelligent Temperature Control System

ABSTRACT

 With the improvement of control theory and electric technology, the intelligent control for industry has been accomplishing. The digital controller based on Microcontroller has been applied widely, as its cabinet cubage，low-cost, abundant function，simple and  convenient. PID  temperature controller，as an important control device， have been widely  used  in  producing  chemical products， foods and many other fields. The paper mainly introduces the application of the digital PID control algorithm，which，at present，is popularly used in digital control system, in Microcontroller temperature control system.
The hardware and software of the temperature control system and the design of relevant interface circuit are described in this paper. The reliability of the system is specially considered，and a series of measures are realized. According to the difficulty to control of the system，methods of system control are analyzed based on the system identification，and realized the control algorithm in the Microcontroller system. The experiment data shows that the design of temperature control system based on
Microcontroller is availability and rationality.

KEY WORDS  microcontroller  temperature control system  PID control 
parameters tuning
 
目   錄

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  緒論 1
1.1 溫度控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.1 溫度控制方法發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.2 溫度測(cè)量方法發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2 本文課題的提出和研究的內(nèi)容 4
1.2.1 課題的提出 4
1.2.2 本文研究的內(nèi)容 4
1.2.3 本文研究的意義 5
1.3 系統(tǒng)的概述 5
1.3.1 系統(tǒng)硬件方案分析 5
1.3.2系統(tǒng)軟件方案分析 6
2 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1 主控模塊的選擇及設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.1.1 單片機(jī)的選用 7
2.1.2 單片機(jī)的介紹 7
2.1.3 主控模塊的設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.2 溫度輸入電路設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.2.1 溫度傳感器的選擇及設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.2.2 A/D的選擇及設(shè)計(jì) 12
2.3 鍵盤(pán)、顯示接口電路 14
2.4 輸出控制電路 15
2.5 報(bào)警電路 16
2.6 串口下載電路 17
2.7 電源電路 17
3 控制系統(tǒng)方案 18
3.1 PID控制發(fā)展 18
3.2 PID控制理論 18
3.3 PID控制算法 21
3.4 PID參數(shù)的整定 24
4 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)思想 27
4.2 軟件組成 27
4.3 主程序模塊 28
4.5 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊 29
4.6 數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊 30
4.6.1 數(shù)字濾波 30
4.6.2 溫度顯示處理 32
4.7 鍵盤(pán)掃描模塊 32
4.8 PID運(yùn)算子程序 33
4.9 軟件抗干擾措施 33
致謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36
附錄1 37
附錄2 38