畢業(yè)論文 家庭用智能防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘 要
隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展以及人們生活水平的大幅度提高，人們對(duì)住宅的需求已從追求簡單的生存空間向著追求質(zhì)量、功能、服務(wù)等多重需求過渡。同時(shí)，隨著人們的保護(hù)意識(shí)不斷增強(qiáng)，防盜措施的緊迫性也逐漸被提上了日程，防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
本文設(shè)計(jì)了住宅智能化中的紅外防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)以單片機(jī)89C51為核心，配以各種功能模塊，來滿足人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械陌踩枨?，本系統(tǒng)采用了熱釋電紅外傳感器，它的制作簡單、成本低，安裝比較方便，抗干擾力強(qiáng)、靈敏度高，而且安裝較隱蔽，不易被發(fā)覺。該系統(tǒng)主要包括紅外探測電路、LCD控制電路、聲光報(bào)警電路及單片機(jī)控制電路等。自動(dòng)檢測功能由紅外探測電路實(shí)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)有盜賊穿過此裝置時(shí)，紅外傳感器立即將檢測到的信號(hào)經(jīng)過信號(hào)處理后傳送給主機(jī)電路，由主機(jī)來判斷信號(hào)并驅(qū)動(dòng)電路報(bào)警。報(bào)警功能由揚(yáng)聲器、蜂鳴器等發(fā)聲裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)，同時(shí)通過RS-485通信報(bào)警給小區(qū)警衛(wèi)。本設(shè)計(jì)通過紅外傳感器探測人體紅外線信號(hào)，從而達(dá)到報(bào)警的功能，滿足了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ顚?duì)防盜報(bào)警功能的需要。

關(guān)鍵詞：防盜報(bào)警，紅外探測，RS-485通信，聲光報(bào)警
 

ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of communication technique and great improvement of people’s living standard, the need has been changed from only the living space to multiform needs of quality, function, service and so on. At the same time, as the increasing of protecting awareness, security measures have gradually been put on the agenda. Anti-theft alarm system came into being.
A kind of intelligent infrared anti-theft alarm system is designed for residential area. In order to meet the security needs of daily life, this system with various function modules cores with microcontroller 89C51. This system used Pyroelectric infrared sensor，it also has some advantages such as easy making, low cost, convenient installation, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, and a more hidden installation and difficult to found. This system includes infrared detecting circuit, LCD control circuit, sound and light alarm circuit and MCU control circuit. Automatic detection can be completed by infrared detecting circuit. When theft is detected, the signal produced by infrared sensor will be transmitted to the signal processing module, and then this circuit sends the signal received to the main circuit which will judge it and drive the alarm module. Alarm function is realized by audible devices such as speaker, buzzer, etc., and it can be transmitted to sub-district guardhouse through RS-485 communications alerting. This system detects the infrared signal of human body by infrared sensor, so it has the alarming function. This system meets the need of anti-theft and alarm in people’s daily live.

KEY WORDS：anti-theft and alarm, infrared detecting, RS-485 communication, sound and light alarm

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)在國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展 1
1.3 防盜報(bào)警器的發(fā)展前景與趨勢 2
1.4 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)與要求 2
第2章 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)思路 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.3 傳感器簡介 4
2.3.1 熱釋電紅外傳感器簡介 4
2.3.2 熱釋電紅外傳感器電路圖 5
2.3.3 被動(dòng)式熱釋電紅外探頭的工作原理及特性 6
2.4 51系列單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部組成 6
2.4.1 89C51單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部組成 7
2.4.2 89C51單片機(jī)引腳及功能 8
2.5 RS485接口 10
第3章 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 12
3.1 電源電路設(shè)計(jì) 12
3.2 熱釋電紅外傳感器原理 13
3.2.1 傳感器選型 13
3.3 放大電路的設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.4 紅外探測信號(hào)輸入電路 14
3.5 鍵盤電路設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.6 時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.7 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.8 聲光報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.9 實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘電路 19
3.9.1 實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 19
3.9.2 引腳功能及結(jié)構(gòu) 19
3.10 液晶顯示模塊設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.10.1 12864模塊引腳說明 21
3.10.2 接口時(shí)序 22
3.11 RS-485 通信的設(shè)計(jì) 23
3.11.1 RS-485芯片選型 23
3.11.2 MAX485簡介 23
3.11.3 MAX485電路設(shè)計(jì) 25
第4章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.1 軟件的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn) 28
4.2 主程序工作流程圖 28
4.2 中斷服務(wù)程序工作流程圖 30
4.3 報(bào)警電路子程序流程圖 31
4.4 顯示電路子程序流程圖 32
4.5 信號(hào)采集電路子程序流程圖 32
第5章 結(jié)論與展望 34
致 謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36
附 錄 37
附錄1 硬件原理圖 37
附錄2 主要源程序代碼 39