稠油特征及開(kāi)采方法研究


摘 要
我國(guó)的稠油儲(chǔ)量大、分布廣，產(chǎn)量占總產(chǎn)油量的比例較大，如何降低稠油的生產(chǎn)成本，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，是油田走向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的重要研究課題之一。其開(kāi)采技術(shù)一直是石油界探索的問(wèn)題。稠油在我國(guó)的石油資源中所占比例較大，其開(kāi)采技術(shù)一直是石油界探索的問(wèn)題。利用蒸汽吞吐方法可以降低原油粘度并通過(guò)高溫清除粘土及瀝青沉淀物，提高近井地帶油層滲透率，燜井散熱后開(kāi)井采油。以往多采用籠統(tǒng)注蒸汽的注入方式，即同時(shí)對(duì)幾個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)層系注汽。但是，由于各層系的地層壓力、滲透率原油物性等存在差異，有時(shí)會(huì)使層間注汽量分配不合理，甚至出現(xiàn)某個(gè)層位的蒸汽帶急劇推進(jìn)，達(dá)不到預(yù)期的注汽效果。本文設(shè)計(jì)的分層配汽器的目的就是力求使注汽前沿均勻推進(jìn)，避免出現(xiàn)舌進(jìn)現(xiàn)象，合理分配注汽量，改善注汽效果。本文對(duì)分層配汽器的上接頭、下接頭、中心管、彈簧等部件進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度計(jì)算，經(jīng)計(jì)算，各部件均能承受井下壓力，以及蒸汽的高溫環(huán)境。
關(guān)鍵詞：稠油；蒸汽吞吐；分層配汽器
 
Abstract
China's heavy oil reserves, wide distribution, yield a larger percentage of the total oil production, how to reduce the heavy oil production costs, improve economic efficiency, is the oil to international markets, one of the important research topics. Mining technology has been the oil industry of its exploration.Heavy oil is in the larger proportion of China's oil resources, its mining technology has been the issue in the oil industry exploration.Using steam method can reduce the throughput of crude oil viscosity and high temperature through the removal of clay and asphalt sediments, improve reservoir near well zone penetration, open wells after rapid cooling. In the past using of the steam injection into a general way, that is, injecting into several layers of steam at the same time.However, due to changes of pressure and the permeaty in various floors of the formation , so sometimes distribution of injection  was unreasonable, and even a bit of steam with the rapid progress, can not expect the effect of steam injection .  the purpose of the design of the steam's is to make injection to the forefront  stable and  avoid the phenomenon of coning, and make injection  well-distribution to improve the effectiveness of steam injection.This paper layered with steam for the joints, under the joint, the center of that spring, and other parts of the intensity, through calculating, the components can withstand the pressure underground, as well as the high-temperature steam environment.

Key words：Heavy oil; Steam Stimulation;layered steam injector
目  錄
第1章 概述 1
1.1 稠油的性質(zhì) 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 2
1.3 我國(guó)稠油開(kāi)采及世界開(kāi)采新方法 3
第2章 稠油資源和稠油開(kāi)采的幾種方式及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 9
2.1 稠油的定義及分類 9
2.2 世界稠油的資源量 9
2.3 稠油的開(kāi)發(fā)方式及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 10
第3章 蒸汽吞吐采油技術(shù) 13
3.1 蒸汽吞吐 13
3.2 蒸汽吞吐驅(qū)油機(jī)理 13
3.3 蒸汽吞吐優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 14
第4章 分層配汽器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 15
4.2 上下接頭的抗滑扣計(jì)算 18
4.3 中心管的壁厚計(jì)算 20
4.4 彈簧的設(shè)計(jì)要求 22
4.5 0膠圈及密封槽的選配 23
結(jié) 論 25
參考文獻(xiàn) 26