河流洪水風險管理策略【外文翻譯】

包括英文原文和中文翻譯


Balancing flood risk and development in the flood plain: the Lower Thames Flood Risk Management Strategy

Abstract
Following the severe flooding experienced by mainland Europe in 2000 the UK Government in 2005 published its policy document Making Space for Water one of the aims of which is to deliver the greatest environmental social and economic benefit consistent with the Government’s sustainable development principles. To facilitate this holistic approach the Environment Agency was given an overarching strategic overview across all flooding and coastal erosion risks.
The Environment Agency’s Lower Thames Flood Risk Management Strategy covers one of the largest and most at risk developed but undefended flood plains in England with 21000 properties and approximately 50000 people currently at a 0.5% annual exceedance probability (AEP) flood risk or higher. The consequences of flooding in the area would be severe with floods lasting up to two weeks. Major flooding would cause severe disruption and likely traffic grid-lock to key highways suspend several major drinking water abstractions supplying London and threaten up to 20 local electricity sub-stations. It is predicted that climate change impacts will double flood damages in a 0.5% AEP flood event from the current level of ￡850 million to some ￡2 billion by 2055 with the number of properties at flood risk reaching 35000.
The key objective of the Lower Thames Strategy was to identify sustainable solutions to reduce flood risk to people and property whilst ensuring compliance under the EU Water framework Directive (WFD) and Habitats Directive. This had to be achieved by minimising disruption to infrastructure and services protecting and enhancing sites of nature conservation and biodiversity and by maintaining biological quality and sediment regime of rivers.
Crown Copyright :2014 Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. on behalf of European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Flood plain Flood channels Flood risk management Flooding River Thames
Water framework Directive 。。。


泰晤士河下游洪水風險管理策略
摘要：
繼2000年歐洲大陸經(jīng)歷了嚴重的洪澇災害，英國政府在2005年公布的政策文制定空間水政策，目的之一是為了提供最大的環(huán)境，社會和經(jīng)濟利益，其二是與政府的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則一致。為了促進這一整體方案，環(huán)境署被賦予所有洪水和海岸侵蝕風險的總體戰(zhàn)略概述。
環(huán)境署泰晤士河下游洪水風險管理策略包括了英國最大和最危險但是不設防洪泛的發(fā)展地區(qū)之一，目前有21000戶大約50000人處于0.5％概率甚至更高洪水風險之下。持續(xù)長達兩個星期的洪水在該地區(qū)造成的后果將會十分嚴重。大洪水會造成嚴重的破壞和可能的交通網(wǎng)和高速公路的關閉，暫停倫敦幾大飲用水取水供給和威脅多達20個地方電力分站。據(jù)預測，氣候變化的影響將會造成2倍于現(xiàn)階段0.5％概率洪水的破壞，將會造成從現(xiàn)階段8.5億英鎊到2055年大概20億英鎊的損失，同時遭受洪水風險的住戶將達到35000戶。
泰晤士河風險管理策略的主要目標是確定可持續(xù)的解決方案，以減少洪水風險，人員和財產(chǎn)損失，同時確保遵守歐盟水框架條款（WFD）和棲息地方針。。。