內(nèi)容提要
實(shí)據(jù)性是語(yǔ)言學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)新熱點(diǎn)。美國(guó)人類語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Franz Boas
在研究美國(guó)印第安語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些印第安語(yǔ)中有一種語(yǔ)法形式表示
某句話的信息來(lái)源或肯定程度，并在1911年對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了報(bào)道。此
后，這一語(yǔ)法形式（后來(lái)也包括詞匯形式）被稱為“據(jù)素”，這一語(yǔ)義范
疇被稱為“實(shí)據(jù)性”。近年來(lái)，實(shí)據(jù)性的研究取得了巨大進(jìn)展。Chafe關(guān)于
學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作與英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的實(shí)據(jù)性所作的對(duì)比研究，為實(shí)據(jù)性的應(yīng)用研究提供
了理論和方法上的指導(dǎo)。胡壯麟對(duì)新聞和論辯語(yǔ)體中實(shí)據(jù)性的研究使實(shí)據(jù)
性和語(yǔ)篇分析得以更有效地結(jié)合。
本文在《華盛頓郵報(bào)》、《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》、美聯(lián)社等美國(guó)主流媒體的網(wǎng)站
上選取11篇新聞（其中6篇為硬新聞，5篇軟新聞）作為語(yǔ)料，對(duì)英語(yǔ)新
聞的實(shí)據(jù)性進(jìn)行分析，旨在找出（1）英語(yǔ)新聞中實(shí)據(jù)性的特點(diǎn)；（2）由
據(jù)素的使用體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的英語(yǔ)新聞的語(yǔ)篇特征；（3）硬新聞和軟新聞中實(shí)據(jù)
性的區(qū)別。
通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：英語(yǔ)新聞中平均每句使用0.57個(gè)據(jù)素，其中傳聞型
據(jù)素占大多數(shù)（64%），這體現(xiàn)了新聞文體的客觀性、準(zhǔn)確性及可靠性。
硬新聞和軟新聞的實(shí)據(jù)性也有一定區(qū)別。硬新聞中據(jù)素的使用頻率略低于
軟新聞。從分布上看，硬新聞中傳聞型據(jù)素占91%，而軟新聞對(duì)據(jù)素的選
擇更為多樣化，這反映了硬新聞以事件為中心，而軟新聞中更多地體現(xiàn)了
作者的觀點(diǎn)及態(tài)度。
總之，本論文通過(guò)研究新聞?wù)Z篇的實(shí)據(jù)性，不僅發(fā)展了實(shí)據(jù)性的應(yīng)
用，豐富了新聞?wù)Z篇的研究，同時(shí)也證實(shí)了對(duì)語(yǔ)篇作實(shí)據(jù)性分析是文體分
析的一種重要手段。因此，本文對(duì)實(shí)據(jù)性的發(fā)展及新聞?wù)Z篇的研究具有一
定的促進(jìn)作用，并對(duì)新聞寫(xiě)作有一定的參考價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞：英語(yǔ)新聞?chuàng)貙?shí)據(jù)性語(yǔ)篇特征
1
Contents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION.....................................................1
1.1 OVERVIEW OF EVIDENTIALITY..........................................................1
1.2 Research Objective.......................................................................3
1.3 Organization of this Thesis..........................................................5
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................7
2.1 STUDIES ON EVIDENTIALITY...............................................................7
2.1.1 Definition of Evidentiality...........................................................7
2.1.2 Nature of Evidentiality.........................................................9
2.1.3 Foreign Studies of Evidentiality.........................................14
2.1.4 Domestic Studies of Evidentiality......................................26
2.2 Studies on News..........................................................................30
2.2.1 Definition of News.............................................................30
2.2.2 Classification of News.......................................................31
2.3 Evidential Studies on News.........................................................32
Chapter Three Research Design................................................................37
3.1 Research Questions.....................................................................37
3.2 Data Collection...........................................................................38
3.3 Research Methods......................................................................39
Chapter Four Evidential Analysis in English News..................................41
4.1 General Features of Evidentials in English News........................41
4.1.1 Frequency of Evidentials Used in English News...............41
4.1.2 Distribution of Evidential Types in English News.............44
4.2 Discourse Features of English News Reflected in Evidentiality 53
4.2.1 Objectivity of News...........................................................53
4.2.2 Credibility of News............................................................55
4.2.3 Accuracy of News..............................................................56
4.3 Comparison of Evidentials between Hard News and Soft News 57
Chapter Five Conclusion...........................................................................61
5.1 Major Findings.............................................................................61
5.2 Limitations...................................................................................62
5.3 Implications..................................................................................62
5.4 Conclusion....................................................................................63Appendix...................................................................................................66
References.................................................................................................68
Abstract(Chinese).....................................................................................1
Abstract(English).....................................................................................5
Acknowledgement