汽車變速箱加工工藝及夾具設(shè)計

摘要
本設(shè)計是汽車變速箱箱體零件的加工工藝規(guī)程及一些工序的專用夾具設(shè)計。汽車變速箱箱體零件的主要加工表面是平面及孔系。一般來說，保證平面的加工精度要比保證孔系的加工精度容易。因此，本設(shè)計遵循先面后孔的原則。并將孔與平面的加工明確劃分成粗加工和精加工階段以保證孔系加工精度?；鶞蔬x擇以變速箱箱體的輸入軸和輸出軸的支承孔作為粗基準，以頂面與兩個工藝孔作為精基準。主要加工工序安排是先以支承孔系定位加工出頂平面，再以頂平面與支承孔系定位加工出工藝孔。在后續(xù)工序中除個別工序外均用頂平面和工藝孔定位加工其他孔系與平面。支承孔系的加工采用的是坐標(biāo)法鏜孔。整個加工過程均選用組合機床。夾具選用專用夾具，夾緊方式多選用氣動夾緊，夾緊可靠，機構(gòu)可以不必自鎖。因此生產(chǎn)效率較高。適用于大批量、流水線上加工。能夠滿足設(shè)計要求。
關(guān)鍵詞：變速箱；加工工藝；專用夾具

Abstract
The design is about the special-purpose clamping apparatus of the machining technology process and some working procedures of the car gearbox parts. The main machining surface of the car gearbox parts is the plane and a series of hole. Generally speaking, to guarantee the working accuracy of the plane is easier than to guarantee the hole’s. So the design follows the principle of plane first and hole second. And in order to guarantee the working accuracy of the series of hole, the machining of the hole and the plane is clearly divided into rough machining stage and finish machining stage. The supporting hole of the input bearing and output bearing is as the rough datum. And the top area and two technological holes are as the finish datum. The main process of machining technology is that first, the series of supporting hole fix and machine the top plane, and then the top plane and the series of supporting hole fix and machine technological hole. In the follow-up working procedure, all working procedures except several special ones fix and machine other series of hole and plane by using the top plane and technological hole. The machining way of the series of supporting hole is to bore hole by coordinate. The combination machine tool and special-purpose clamping apparatus are used in the whole machining process. The clamping way is to clamp by pneumatic and is very helpful. The instruction does not have to lock by itself. So the product efficiency is high. It is applicable for mass working and machining in assembly line. It can meet the design requirements.
Key words: Gearbox; machining technology; special-purpose clamping apparatus

                         
目    錄

第一章 汽車變速箱加工工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計 ………………………………………(1)
1.1零件的分析 …………………………………………………………………(1)
1.1.1零件的作用…………………………………………………………………(1)
1.1.2零件的工藝分析……………………………………………………………(1)
1.2變速箱箱體加工的主要問題和工藝過程設(shè)計所應(yīng)采取的相應(yīng)措施 ……(2)
1.2.1孔和平面的加工順序………………………………………………………(2)
1.2.2孔系加工方案選擇…………………………………………………………(2)
1.3變速箱箱體加工定位基準的選擇……………………………………………(5)
1.3.1粗基準的選擇………………………………………………………………(5)
1.3.2精基準的選擇………………………………………………………………(5)
1.4變速箱箱體加工主要工序安排………………………………………………(5)
1.5機械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的確定………………………………(7)
1.6確定切削用量及基本工時（機動時間）……………………………………(12)
1.7時間定額計算及生產(chǎn)安排…………………………………………………(33)
附表1：機械加工工藝規(guī)程綜合卡片……………………………………………(41)
第二章 專用夾具設(shè)計……………………………………………………………(47)
2.1加工工藝孔夾具設(shè)計………………………………………………………(47)
2.1.1定位基準的選擇…………………………………………………………(47)
2.1.2切削力的計算與夾緊力分析……………………………………………(47)
2.1.3夾緊元件及動力裝置確定………………………………………………(48)
2.1.4鉆套、襯套、鉆模板及夾具體設(shè)計………………………………………(49)
2.1.5夾具精度分析……………………………………………………………(51)
2.1.6夾具設(shè)計及操作的簡要說明……………………………………………(52)
2.2粗銑前后端面夾具設(shè)計……………………………………………………(53)
2.2.1定位基準的選擇…………………………………………………………(53)
2.2.2定位元件的設(shè)計…………………………………………………………(53)
2.2.3定位誤差分析……………………………………………………………(55)
2.2.4銑削力與夾緊力計算……………………………………………………(55)
2.2.5定向鍵與對刀裝置設(shè)計…………………………………………………(56)
2.2.6夾緊裝置及夾具體設(shè)計…………………………………………………(57)
2.2.7夾具設(shè)計及操作的簡要說明……………………………………………(59)
結(jié)束語……………………………………………………………………………(59)
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………(60)
致  謝……………………………………………………………………………(61)