信用卡交易民法問(wèn)題研究碩士論文

信用卡交易民法問(wèn)題研究
信用卡以其“先享受后付費(fèi)”的特點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)交易不可或缺 的支付方式，同時(shí)也在一定程度上促進(jìn)了消費(fèi)，有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。但人民在享受 信用卡便利的同時(shí)也面臨越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題，特別是近年來(lái)，有關(guān)佶用卡的糾紛數(shù) 量劇增，類(lèi)型繁雜，相關(guān)法律問(wèn)題成為理論界與實(shí)務(wù)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。其中，關(guān)于 信用卡糾紛的民事問(wèn)題，以及對(duì)信用卡交易中的消費(fèi)者.也就是持卡人的權(quán)利保 護(hù)亦成為解決信用卡民事糾紛的核心議題。
本文第一部分是對(duì)信用卡的概述•我國(guó)將信闬卡的概念定義為：記錄持卡人 賬戶(hù)相關(guān)信息，具備銀行授信額度和透支功能.并為持卡人提供相關(guān)銀行服務(wù)的 各類(lèi)介質(zhì)。信用卡具有透支、轉(zhuǎn)賬結(jié)算、存取現(xiàn)金三大功能。盡管信用卡在我國(guó) 起步較晚，但發(fā)展迅速，到2010年，我國(guó)信用卡發(fā)行總量己達(dá)2.1億張。但是, 伴隨宥信用卡的快速發(fā)展.這種新興的支付方式亦出現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題。
第二部分為信用卡交易的法律關(guān)系，即本文問(wèn)題_述及觀(guān)點(diǎn)提出之基礎(chǔ)。要 清晰的分析倌用卡糾紛的民法問(wèn)題，首先須理清信用卡交易中各方主體之間的民 事法律關(guān)系.而對(duì)信用卡交芴的主體及法律關(guān)系的認(rèn)定上，學(xué)界亦有不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 傳統(tǒng)上，有主張三方當(dāng)事人法律關(guān)系者，即信用卡交易當(dāng)事人為發(fā)卡人、持卡人 和特約商戶(hù)：但隨著信用卡•行業(yè)的發(fā)展和信息技術(shù)的更新，亦有主張四方當(dāng)事人 法律關(guān)系者，認(rèn)為除以上三方當(dāng)事人以外，收單機(jī)構(gòu)也應(yīng)為信用卡交易中獨(dú)立的 民事主體^但是該觀(guān)點(diǎn)僅僅著到了特約商戶(hù)與收單機(jī)構(gòu)之間日益復(fù)雜的服務(wù)上的 牽連，而事實(shí)上這呰變動(dòng)并未從實(shí)質(zhì)上影響信用卡交易流程，因此本文仍然就三 方當(dāng)事人為研究模板，對(duì)信用卡交易中的法律關(guān)系進(jìn)行深入分析，并理清各方之 間法律關(guān)系的本質(zhì).
第三部分為信用卡合同中的抗辯權(quán)切斷條款。我國(guó)很多商業(yè)銀行在其制定的 信用卡領(lǐng)用協(xié)議和信用卡章程中都有限制持卡人抗辯權(quán)的條款，而這一條款是否 有效，其效力如何，一直以來(lái)都是學(xué)界討論的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。而持否定觀(guān)點(diǎn)者提出r 抗辯權(quán)接續(xù)理論，但就該理論的法理討論尚未形成通說(shuō)。因此，本文拋開(kāi)對(duì)理論 的探討，從實(shí)踐的角度.以解決現(xiàn)實(shí)中的問(wèn)題為目的，借鑒各囷立法，對(duì)我s法 的完菩提出建議。
第四部分為發(fā)卡人的信息披露義務(wù).該義務(wù)本是信用長(zhǎng)合同中維護(hù)持卡人權(quán) 利的難要內(nèi)容，怛我圍法規(guī)范卻忽視了這部分內(nèi)容。在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，美ra法的規(guī) 定較為全L0,且經(jīng)過(guò)多年實(shí)務(wù)的完莕，到發(fā)卡人應(yīng)當(dāng)披蕊的信息作出具體規(guī)定， 問(wèn)時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)披蔣信息的內(nèi)容須達(dá)到何種程度也作了詳細(xì)規(guī)定。因此，本文以美國(guó)法 為參考，比較我國(guó)信用卡法律規(guī)范.并針對(duì)疏漏的部分提出完蕃意見(jiàn)。
第五部分論述了我囡最常見(jiàn)的信用卡糾紛類(lèi)型，即信用卡鋝用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)問(wèn) 題u在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上.漶s實(shí)務(wù)界傾向f將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配給更有能力控制損失的發(fā)長(zhǎng)人： 而我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)在理論和實(shí)務(wù)上也傾向f•將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配給發(fā)卡人，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論從承袒 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力還是轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力上，發(fā)卡人均具有較明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)；而我國(guó)的 實(shí)務(wù)界就信用卡苜用問(wèn)題尚未達(dá)成共識(shí)，不同法院有不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)德 國(guó)和臺(tái)灣實(shí)務(wù)的借鑒.總結(jié)信用卡冒用的解決方式，認(rèn)為在持卡人無(wú)故意或重大 過(guò)失的情況下，應(yīng)當(dāng)將信用卡冒用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配給發(fā)卡人。
最后為結(jié)語(yǔ)部分，該郃分對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括總結(jié).重申本文觀(guān)點(diǎn).并表達(dá) 了對(duì)我國(guó)信吊卡制度早日完舂的期待=
信用卡，法律關(guān)系，信息披露義務(wù)，信用卡冒用.抗辯權(quán)
Abstract
Research on Credit Card Transaction of Civil Law
Because of its character of “enjoying first, paying second”，credit card has become an indispensable payment in modern society. Meanwliilc. it promotes consumption in some extent, and is helpftil for economic prosperity. However, when we enjoy the convenicricv of credit card, the increasing problems also come to us- The number of disputes relating to credit card increases rapidly, and the types are more complicated, specially in recent years，the legal issues of credit card in theorists and practitioners have become the focus^ Among them, the disputes of credit card on civi] law, and the right protection of the consumer who is the cardholder in credii card transactions, has become the core of civil disputes to resolve credit card issues.
The first part of this thesis is the overview of credit card. The conception of credit card in our country is that, credit card is a knxl of media that can record the relative information of cardholder's account, it is provided with line of credit from bank and overdraft function, and can provide banking services for cardholders. Credit card has three functions, which are overdraft, transfer and settlement and access to cash- Credit card start late in our country, but it develops rapidly. There arc 210 million credit cards in our country until 2010. However, with the rapid development of credit cards, this new payment anscs more and more problems.
The second part is the legal relation of the credit card transaction. This is the fundation of formulating the problems and prospecting the views here. To clear the civil disputes of credit card, we must first cianfy the civil legal relations between the Parties in credit card transaction. And scholars still have different views on who arc the Parties in credit card transaction and what are their nature of legal relations. Some scholars claim that there should be three parlies in crcdit card transaction, they arc credit card issuers, cardholders and merchants. But with the credit card industry development and information technology updaies, some scholars claim that there should be four parties, and the acquirer should be tlie fourth independent civi! subject. But the later view just to see the increasingly complex services between merchants and acquirers. In fact, these changes did not affect the process of credit card transaction in essence. So this thesis still studies three partisc as template, and
in
analyses the legal relations between the parties of credit card transaction. The purpose is to clarify the nature of the civil legal relations between parties.
The third part is the term of cut off the right of defense in credit card contract. In many Receive Credit Card Agreements and Credit Card Articles drawed up by our commercial banks, the terms to limit the right of cardholder defense are always writicn. But whether such terms arc valid? And how is the effectiveness? They arc hot issues in academic all the time. Some scholars who with negative views put forward another theory of defense continuation, but they do not reach a consensus yet. So this thesis forgets the discussions about legal theory, and to solve real problems, from a practical point of view, use the legislation of other countries for reference, then make some recommendations to improve our relative law.
The fourth part is the disclosure obligation of card issuers. Such obligation should be the important part in the contract to protect cardholders, but it is ignored in our law. On this issue, the U.S. law is more comprehensive. After many years of practice, the U.S- law makes specific provisions about what information the issuer shall disclose, and how to disclose. Therefore，it references the United States law, and compares our regulations of credit cards, then make some recommendations For the omissions to improve our relative law.
The fifth part discusses the disputes of the common type of credit card, which are the problems of how to share the risk of fraudulent use of credit cards- On this issue, the German practitioners tend to allocate the risk to the card issuers who can be more able to control the loss- In Taiwan, the risk also be allocated lo card issuers both in theory and in practice. Because whether the economic strength of taking a risk or the ability of transferring the risk, the card issuers have more advantage. But wc do not reach a consensus in practice, difterent courts has different views. Based on referencing the practices of Germany and Taiwan, summarize the solutions of fraudulent use of credit card- And it argues that the risk should be allocated to card issuers, unless the cardholder have intent or gross negligence-
Finally, as a conclusion, it summanzes llie contents of the thesis，and reiterated the views. Looking forward to improving our credit card system as soon as possible.
Kev Words:
Credit CurcL Legal Relations, Obligation of Information Disclosure, Fraudulent Use of Credit Cards, Right of Defenses
目 錄
引言 1
一、信用卡橛 述 3
(-)信用卡的概念 3
(二）信用卡的功能 4
(三〉我國(guó)信用卡的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 5
(四）我國(guó)信用卡糾紛的主要類(lèi)型 5
二、信用卡交易的法律關(guān)系 7
(一）信用卡交易的主體 7
(二）信用卡交易的流程 8
(三）倌用卡交易關(guān)系架構(gòu)理論 8
(四）信用卡交易各方的法律關(guān)系 10
三、信用卡交易中的抗辯權(quán)切斷 20
(一）抗辯權(quán)切斷的理論依據(jù) 20
(二）抗辯權(quán)接續(xù)理論 21
四、信用卡交易中的信息披露與告知義務(wù) 25
(一）美國(guó)法下的信息披露與隹知義務(wù) 25
(二）我國(guó)法下的信息披露與告知義務(wù) 28
五、信用卡冒用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配 31
(-)信用卡冒用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移條款的效力 31
(二）信用卡冒用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配 36
結(jié)語(yǔ)   38
參考文獻(xiàn)   39