plc控制電梯論文

摘   要
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，高層建筑已成為現(xiàn)代城市的標(biāo)志。電梯作為垂直運(yùn)輸工具，承擔(dān)著大量的人流和物流的輸送，其作用在建筑物中至關(guān)重要。與此同時(shí)，人們對(duì)電梯的性能要求也越來(lái)越高，比如可靠性，操作方便，舒適性，低噪音，低能耗等等。隨著人們對(duì)其要求的提高，電梯得到了快速發(fā)展，其拖動(dòng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到了調(diào)頻調(diào)壓調(diào)速，其邏輯控制也由PLC代替原來(lái)的繼電器控制。采用PLC對(duì)電梯進(jìn)行控制，通過(guò)合理的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)，能夠有效的提高電梯的控制水平，極大地改善了電梯運(yùn)行的舒適感，使電梯的控制達(dá)到了比較理想的控制效果。
本文在介紹電梯基本結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，闡述了電梯的拖動(dòng)原理和控制原理，重點(diǎn)分析了電梯系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中如何用PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)并編制控制程序，研究并提出了基于PLC和變頻器的電梯控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題對(duì)電梯系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了新的設(shè)計(jì).設(shè)計(jì)出了新的采用PLC進(jìn)行邏輯控制，用變頻器調(diào)速的電梯控制系統(tǒng)。利用三菱PLCFX2N-64來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)5層電梯控制系統(tǒng)。
關(guān)鍵詞：電梯；控制系統(tǒng)；PLC；變頻器
 
ABSTRACT
  With scientific and technological and socio-economic development, high-rise buildings have become the hallmark of modern cities. As vertical lift equipment, a lot of people bear the transportation and logistics, its role in building essential. At the same time, it has to lift the performance requirements are also increasing, such as reliability, easy to operate, comfortable nature, low noise, consumption, and so on. But the elevator as an important traffic in skyscraper，it also has developed quickly with the improving requirement of the People. It’s dragging technology has developed from DC timing to AC variable frequency timing and It’s logic control-relay control also has been replaced by PLC. using PLC to control the elevator，the reliability is improved and the feeling of comfort 15 better through the reasonable selection and design，so the effect of control is more ideal. In order to meet the comfort, improve transporting efficiency and reach the right floor, the given curve of an elevator is a key point. Most of people’s sensitivity on changing speed is about acceleration movement. Comfort means acceleration and deceleration on smoothness. To acquire favorable comfort, the starting and braking curves design of the elevator is composed of two s-curves and one beeline. Through adjusting the acceleration time and that of the s-curve’s, ideal starting and braking curves are gained.
This paper, based on the introduction of the elevator's basic structure, expatiates the drive and control principle of elevator, and analyzes how to use the PLC to program controlling process. The implementation project of elevator's VVVF control system based on PLC and transducer is studied and proposed. This article was precisely has carried on the improvement design in view of these questions to the existing elevator system. Uses PLC to carry on the logical control modulates velocity the elevator control system with the frequency changer.
KEY WORDS: elevator；control system；PLC；inverter
目 錄
摘   要 I
ABSTRACT II
1前言 1
1.1 電梯的起源和發(fā)展 1
1.2 電梯信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1電梯繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)及存在問(wèn)題 3
1.2.2 PLC及在電梯控制中的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn) 4
1.2.3 PLC控制電梯的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 5
1.3 本文的工作 5
2電梯的概述 6
2.1 電梯的結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.2 電梯的控制要求 8
3硬件選擇 10
3.1  PLC的選擇 10
3.1.1 PLC的定義和特點(diǎn) 10
3.1.2 PLC的主要功能和應(yīng)用 13
3.1.3 PLC與其他工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)的比較 14
3.1.4 PLC的系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.1.5可編程控制器機(jī)型的選擇 17
3.2 變頻器選擇 19
3.2.1 變頻器的分類(lèi) 19
3.2.2變頻器的控制方式 19
3.2.3變頻器的選型 21
3.2.4變頻器的相關(guān)計(jì)算及其規(guī)格 22
4五層電梯總體設(shè)計(jì) 25
4.1 電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 25
4.2 電力調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 26
4.3 異步電機(jī)的調(diào)速方法及經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)比較 27
4.4 井道信號(hào)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.4.1干簧感應(yīng)器的工作原理 31
4.4.2井道信號(hào)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 32
4.5 電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 33
5軟件設(shè)計(jì) 35
5.1 正常運(yùn)行控制軟件設(shè)計(jì) 35
5.2 流程圖 35
5.3 電梯的工藝流程 38
結(jié)束語(yǔ) 41
參考文獻(xiàn) 42
致謝 43
附 錄 44
附錄一 外文文獻(xiàn)及其譯文 44
附錄二 符號(hào)說(shuō)明 47
附錄三 電梯I/O接線(xiàn)圖 49
附錄四 五層五站電梯電氣元件表 50
附錄五 PLC梯形圖 51