摘  要

　　　近年來(lái)隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)和集成電路技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)（Radio Frequency Identification，以下簡(jiǎn)稱RFID）已經(jīng)引起人們的關(guān)注。RFID系統(tǒng)由閱讀器、控制器和電子標(biāo)簽三部分組成，電子標(biāo)簽技術(shù)也已經(jīng)在我們的日常生活中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，如學(xué)校食堂使用的飯卡，公交車上使用的交通卡，停車收費(fèi)裝置中的收費(fèi)卡等。電子標(biāo)簽技術(shù)是一種非接觸式的自動(dòng)式識(shí)別技術(shù)，它通過(guò)射頻信號(hào)自動(dòng)識(shí)別目標(biāo)對(duì)象并獲取數(shù)據(jù)，與現(xiàn)在廣泛應(yīng)用的條形碼技術(shù)相比，電子標(biāo)簽除了可以省去人工操作，還具有防水、防磁、耐高溫、使用壽命長(zhǎng)、讀取距離遠(yuǎn)等優(yōu)勢(shì)。
　　　本文設(shè)計(jì)的電子車牌是基于RFID開發(fā)的一種車輛身份自動(dòng)識(shí)別卡，用它可以與設(shè)置在閘口通道的閱讀器設(shè)備進(jìn)行信息交換，以達(dá)到目標(biāo)識(shí)別和數(shù)據(jù)交換的目的。以AT89S52單片機(jī)作為核心控制器，選用MFRC500作為閱讀器芯片，電子標(biāo)簽芯片選用MCRF355, 單片機(jī)通過(guò)控制MFRC500驅(qū)動(dòng)天線實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)射頻卡的讀寫操作，實(shí)現(xiàn)與射頻卡數(shù)據(jù)的無(wú)線傳輸。
　　　本設(shè)計(jì)采用低功耗器件，待機(jī)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，運(yùn)行可靠，可用于電子車牌、物流等行業(yè)。

關(guān)鍵詞：RFID   電子標(biāo)簽  單片機(jī)
Abstract

　　　In recent years, with the computer technology, communication technology and integrated circuit technology rapid development, Radio Frequency Identification technology has aroused people's concern. The RFID system consists of reader, controller and electronic tag three parts, electronic tag technology has also in our daily life, such as widely used school rice card, bus transportation card, parking charge installations in the ShouFeiKa. Electronic tag technology is a non-contact automatic type identification technology, rf signal through its automatic target recognition and access to data, and is now widely used compared the bar code technology，electronic tag besides can save artificially operation, but also has waterproof, prevent magnetic, high temperature resistant, long service life, read the distance and other advantages.
　　　This design license plate is based on RFID electronic development of a vehicle with automatic identification card, identity can be set on the gate with its reader equipment channel to exchange information of target recognition and data exchange purposes. This design choose AT89S52 SCM as the core controller, choose MFRC500 as the reader chip, electronic tag chip choose MCRF355, MF RC500 driven by controlling microcontroller to antenna realize reading operation for rf card, realize rf card data wireless transmission.
　　　This paper use the Low-Power component, its advantage is long standby time, reliable operation and so on ,and it can be used in license plate, logistics and so on.
　　　
Keywords:  RFID   Electronic tags    microcontroller

目 錄
引  言 1
第一章 緒 論 2
1.1 RFID電子車牌的開發(fā)背景 2
1.2 RFID電子車牌的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
第二章  RFID系統(tǒng)及其原理 4
2.1 RFID概述 4
2.2 RFID系統(tǒng)的組成 4
2.3 RFID系統(tǒng)的基本原理 5
第三章  系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 Altium Designer Winter 09介紹 7
3.2 硬件整體設(shè)計(jì)方案 7
3.3 各模塊的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.3.1電源電路的設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.3.2 單片機(jī)接口電路的設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.3.3 RFID接口電路的設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.3.4 天線的設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.3.5 USB接口電路的設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.3.6 電子標(biāo)簽的設(shè)計(jì) 19
第四章  閱讀器系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.1 51單片機(jī)的開發(fā)環(huán)境 21
4.2 主程序設(shè)計(jì)的框圖 21
4.3 系統(tǒng)各部分的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.3.1 USB驅(qū)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.3.2卡程序的設(shè)計(jì) 23
4.3.3閱讀器系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì) 24
結(jié)  論 26
參考文獻(xiàn) 27
附 錄 一（原理圖） 28
附 錄 二（PCB圖） 34
謝 辭 35