基于單片機(jī)的電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計







摘  要



在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中，往往需要對各類加熱爐、熱處理爐、反應(yīng)爐的溫度進(jìn)行檢測和調(diào)節(jié)，因此需要一種合適的系統(tǒng)對其溫度進(jìn)行精確控制，由于單片機(jī)具有低功耗、高性能、可靠性好、易于產(chǎn)品化等特點，因此采用單片機(jī)對溫度進(jìn)行控制不僅節(jié)約成本，控制方法靈活多樣，并且可以達(dá)到較高的控制精度，從而能夠大大提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，因此單片機(jī)被廣泛應(yīng)用在中小型控制系統(tǒng)中。



本論文以電阻爐為研究對象，開發(fā)了基于單片機(jī)的溫度控制系統(tǒng)。本溫度控制系統(tǒng)按功能分主要包括溫度傳感器模塊、數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊、溫度顯示/設(shè)定模塊和溫度控制模塊。溫度傳感器采用了數(shù)字式溫度傳感器DS18B20，對溫度進(jìn)行實時采樣并將模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號返回給單片機(jī)。系統(tǒng)可通過鍵盤對電阻爐水溫進(jìn)行預(yù)設(shè)，單片機(jī)根據(jù)當(dāng)前爐內(nèi)溫度和預(yù)設(shè)溫度進(jìn)行運算，控制輸出寬度可調(diào)的PWM方波，并由此控制雙向可控硅的導(dǎo)通和關(guān)斷來調(diào)節(jié)電熱絲的加熱功率，從而使水溫迅速達(dá)到預(yù)設(shè)值并保持恒定不變。



設(shè)計過程中，首先進(jìn)行軟件設(shè)計和開發(fā)，使系統(tǒng)功能模塊化并分別通過Proteus軟件進(jìn)行仿真，實現(xiàn)功能后對硬件進(jìn)行了綜合設(shè)計，并且反復(fù)論證、測試各器件參數(shù)以使其穩(wěn)定運行，最終使得此系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了溫度的恒溫控制。



關(guān)鍵詞：單片機(jī)；溫度傳感器；可控硅；溫度控制



Design and Implementation of a Temperature Control System Based on the Single Chip Microcontroller



Abstract



In the industrial production process, often require various types of furnace, heat treatment furnace, reactor temperature detection and regulation, so it needs a proper system of precise control of its temperature, as low power consumption single chip, high performance, reliability, easy-to-market commodity and so on, so to control the temperature using SCM not only save on cost, control method of flexible and diverse, and can achieve higher precision, which can greatly enhance the quality of the product, so SCM is widely used in the Small control system.



In this study, the "Temperature Control System" design. As a typical application Temperature Control System is the integrated use of the computer theory, control theory, analog electronics, digital control technology, keyboard, display technology, and many other areas of knowledge.



Temperature sensor uses digital temperature sensor DS18B20, real-time sampling of the temperature and analog signals into digital signals back to the SCM. System can be preset through the keyboard on the temperature, microcontroller based on the current temperature and the preset temperature of the furnace operation, PWM control output square wave with adjustable width, and thus control the triac on-and off to regulate the electric wire heating power, so that the water temperature quickly reach and maintain constant preset value.



The design process, first of all the software design and development, making the system functional module and through the Proteus software simulation, respectively, to achieve feature an integrated design of the hardware, and repeated demonstration, testing the device parameters to make it stable operation, and ultimately make This system has realized the constant temperature control.



Keywords: MCS-51, temperature sensor, SCR,temperature control



目  錄



1 緒論 1



1.1 簡介 1



1.2 課題研究的內(nèi)容及要求 2



1.2.1 課題的主要研究的內(nèi)容 2



1.2.2 本系統(tǒng)的功能 3



1.3 本文的主要內(nèi)容 3



1.4 方案1 4



1.5 方案2 4



1.6 方案論證 5



2 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)工作原理 6



2.1 溫度控制總體設(shè)計方案 6



2.2 溫度傳感器模塊 7



2.2.1 DS18B20基本知識 7



2.2.2 DS18B20產(chǎn)品的特點 8



2.2.3 DS18B20的引腳介紹 8



2.2.4 DS18B20的4個主要部件 10



2.2.5 溫度采集模塊電路圖 12



2.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊 13



2.3.1 單片機(jī)的發(fā)展方向 13



2.3.2 STC89C52系列主要性能參數(shù) 13



2.3.3 STC89C52存儲器配置 17



2.4 溫度顯示模塊/設(shè)定模塊 21



2.4.1 溫度顯示部分 22



2.4.2 溫度設(shè)定部分 26



2.4.3 溫度顯示/設(shè)定模塊電路圖 26



2.5 溫度控制模塊 28



2.5.1 可控硅BTA16 28



2.5.2 光電偶合器MOC3021 31



2.5.3 溫度控制模塊電路圖 32



3 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 33



3.1 系統(tǒng)主程序 33



3.2 溫度采集子程序 34



3.3 顯示子程序 34



3.4 溫度設(shè)定子程序 34



3.5 控制算法 35



4 溫度控制系統(tǒng)Proteus仿真 37



4.1 仿真說明 37



4.2 仿真結(jié)果 37



4.3 結(jié)論 39



參考文獻(xiàn) 40



致  謝 41



附錄Ⅰ 程序清單 42..