單片機(jī)閉環(huán)溫度控制系統(tǒng)
1.3萬字 24頁
有詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)圖


摘要
本文介紹了一種PID水溫控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)利用單片機(jī)可以方使地實(shí)現(xiàn)對PID參數(shù)的選擇與設(shè)定；也可以通過計(jì)算機(jī)與單片機(jī)的串行通訊，實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)過程中的交互式PID控制。它是用溫度傳感器將檢測到的實(shí)際爐溫A/D轉(zhuǎn)換，送入計(jì)算機(jī)中，與設(shè)定值進(jìn)行比較，得出偏差。對此偏差按PID算法進(jìn)行修正，求得對應(yīng)的控制量控制可控硅驅(qū)動(dòng)器，調(diào)節(jié)電爐的加熱功率，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對爐溫的控制。因此采集的爐溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)精度至關(guān)重要。利用89C51單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度智能控制，能自動(dòng)完成數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理、緩沖、轉(zhuǎn)換、并進(jìn)行PID實(shí)施控制和鍵盤終端處理及顯示，包括各參數(shù)數(shù)值的修正。但在控制過程中應(yīng)該注意，采樣周期不能太短，否則使調(diào)節(jié)過于頻繁，不但執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)不能反應(yīng)，而且計(jì)算機(jī)的利用率大為降低。采樣周期太長,也是不合適，因?yàn)楦蓴_無法及時(shí)消除，使調(diào)節(jié)品質(zhì)下降。隨著單片機(jī)在各行業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)中的普遍采用，其構(gòu)成的實(shí)時(shí)控制系統(tǒng)日臻完善，使該溫度控制系統(tǒng)的總體性能大大提高，功能更趨完善，并詳細(xì)介紹了該系統(tǒng)的軟、硬件實(shí)施手段及系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：單片機(jī)；PID算法；串行通訊；熱電偶；溫度控制


Abstract

This text introduced a kind of PID water temperature control system. It can choose and modify the PID parameters by SCM expediently. Moreover, via communication between the Computer and SCM, It can visually control the industry process temperature with the extensive PID arithmetic. It is an actual cooker to spreads to feel with the temperature machine will examine temperature A/ D conversion, sending into the computer inside, proceeding the comparison with the initial value, having to out the deviation. Press PID calculate way to proceed the correction to this deviation, beg to should of the control measures the control can control the silicon drives the machine, regulating the heating power of the electric stove, thereby realize to the control of the cooker temperature . Therefore the cooker temperature data accuracy that collects is very importance. Make use of 89 C51s the single a machine realizes temperature intelligence control, can complete automatically the data collect, handles, buffer, convert, combining the proceeding PID puts into practice the control handles and show with the keyboard terminal, including the correction of each parameter number. But should notice in control process, adopt the kind period can't be too short, make regulate otherwise too multifarious, not only carry out the organization can't respond, but also the utilization of the computer is big for lower. Adopt the kind period too long ，also is not fit, because interference can't on time dissolve, make regulate the quality descent. Along with the single a machine in each profession control system of widespread adoption, its component and real time controls the system more perfected, Make the total function of that temperature control system increases consumedly, the function is gradually perfect, combining detailed introducing that system of soft, the hardware puts into practice means and system characteristics.

Keywords: Single chip computer; PID arithmetic; serial communication; thermoelectric couple; Temperature control



目 錄

摘要
Abstract

前言
第一章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)
1.1 主機(jī)電路的設(shè)計(jì)
1.2 I／O通道的硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)
1．2．1 數(shù)據(jù)采集電路的設(shè)計(jì)
1．2．2電控制執(zhí)行電路的設(shè)計(jì)
1.3 鍵盤及顯示的設(shè)計(jì)
1.4 溫度檢測電路設(shè)計(jì)
1.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換接口電路設(shè)計(jì)
1．6 光電隔離電路設(shè)計(jì)
1．7 掉電保護(hù)電路的設(shè)計(jì)
1．8 時(shí)鐘電路
第二章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)
2.1主程序模塊
2.2功能實(shí)現(xiàn)模塊
2.2.1 T0中斷子程序
2.2.2鍵盤中斷子程序
2.2.3 T1中斷子程序
2．2．4 采樣子程序
2．2．5 數(shù)字濾波子程序
2．2．6 溫度查表程序
2.3 運(yùn)算控制模塊
2.3.1 標(biāo)度轉(zhuǎn)換子程序
2.3.2 PID算法子程序
總結(jié)和結(jié)束語
附件
參考文獻(xiàn)

所設(shè)計(jì)的控制系統(tǒng)有以下功能：(1)溫度控制設(shè)定范圍為40~90C，最小區(qū)分度為0.2C，標(biāo)定溫差<0.6C，靜態(tài)誤差<0.4C；（2）實(shí)現(xiàn)控制可以升溫也可以降溫；（3）實(shí)時(shí)顯示當(dāng)前溫度值；（4）按鍵控制：設(shè)置復(fù)位鍵、功能轉(zhuǎn)換鍵、加一鍵、減一鍵；（4）越限報(bào)警。



參考文獻(xiàn)
1、譚運(yùn)光、陳安源等．單片機(jī)開發(fā)手冊．華齡出版社
2、李華編．MCS—51系列單片機(jī)實(shí)用接口技術(shù)．北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社