三環(huán)減速器齒輪副有限元模型

摘  要

三環(huán)減速器是中國科技人員發(fā)明的一種少齒差內(nèi)嚙合行星齒輪傳動裝置，其傳動原理新穎，一般用于動力傳動，具有體積小、傳動比大、壽命長、成本低等優(yōu)點，還具有內(nèi)齒多齒嚙合的特點，有較高的承載能力、較大的過載性能。因此，這種傳動越來越多地應用于冶金、起重運輸、礦山、環(huán)保、建筑等領域。三環(huán)傳動在足夠大的載荷作用下，實際嚙合齒數(shù)會大于理論嚙合齒數(shù)，使得三環(huán)減速器中齒輪副的承載能力大大提高。我們將齒輪嚙合過程中因多齒嚙合而導致齒輪副承載能力提高的現(xiàn)象稱為多齒嚙合效應。但是目前的各減速器制造廠家在這一設計階段尚未考慮這一效應，其產(chǎn)品設計表中公布的減速器承載能力遠低于實際承載能力，造成浪費。因此，考慮三環(huán)傳動中的多齒嚙合效應對于揭示三環(huán)減速器大承載能力的本質、提高三環(huán)減速器的承載能力、縮小設計尺寸、降低制造成本具有重要的意義。
本文以三環(huán)減速器齒輪副有限元模型為研究對象，先使用Pro/E Wildfire3.0進行三維建模，然后利用有限單元法對三環(huán)減速器多齒嚙合效應進行分析，得到三環(huán)減速器傳動時的實際接觸齒數(shù)、嚙合齒載荷分配情況以及 Von Mises 應力變化規(guī)律。
本文涉及三環(huán)減速器齒輪副的嚙合特性的分析，利用有限元軟件ABAQUS6.5計算了三環(huán)減速器一個傳動周期內(nèi)各構件的應力、變形，并與理論設計計算結果進行了對比，說明了三環(huán)減速器的多齒嚙合特性。
本文所研究的內(nèi)容可以應用于工廠的產(chǎn)品設計與制造，為內(nèi)齒板式齒輪傳動裝置的研發(fā)和應用打下一定的基礎，可以在一定程度上縮短設計周期，減少設計成本，能夠促進我國企業(yè)的設計水平和自主創(chuàng)新能力的提高，提高產(chǎn)品的競爭力，為相關企業(yè)帶來可觀的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。

關鍵詞：三環(huán)減速器  有限元分析  ABAQUS軟件應用  Pro/E三維造型設計

ABSTRACT
    Three-Ring Reducer is one of inventions of Chinese scientists and engineers. It is a kind of planetary gear transmission with few tooth differences and is commonly used for power transmission. It has many advantages such as small size, large transmission ratio, long life, low production cost, multi-tooth meshing, high loading capacity, large overload performance. Therefore, It has been more and more applied in metallurgy, lifting transportation, mining, environmental protection, construction, and other fields. When there is enough load, the real mesh teeth number of Three-Ring transmission is larger than the theoretical mesh number.. It greatly improved the carrying capacity of gear pair. Multiple teeth engagement leads the carrying capacity greatly enhanced. We call the phenomenon during the engagement process multi-teeth engagement effect. But up till the present moment, every manufacturer has not take it into consideration yet during the design stage. The reducer’s carrying capacity in the product design worksheet is far below the actual load capacity. It waste a lot. So it is significant to take multi-teeth engagement effect into consideration. It can reveal the essence of the huge carrying capacity of Three-Ring Reducer. It can help enhancing the carrying capacity of the Three-Ring Reducer, shortening the design dimension and reducing the manufacture cost.
    This article set the finite element model of the Three-Ring Reducer gear pair as the object of study. The first step is modeling by using the Pro/E Wildfire 3.0, then analyses the Three-Ring Reducer multi-teeth engagement effect though finite element method. Then we can get the actual mesh tooth number during the Three-Ring Reducer transmission and the condition of load contribution of meshing tooth. We can also get the regulation of Von Mises stress changing.
This article refer to the elasticity of all the component of Three-Ring Reducer. It also concern the building of Three-Ring Reducer finite element model and realize static analysis of the Three-Ring Reducer by using the model. By using the finite element software of ABAQUS ,it calculated the stress and distortion in the cycle of transmission, it validated the correctness of finite element model.
    The content of this article can be applied to the design and manufacture of the product in the factory. It lay the foundation for the study and application of ring-plate-type gear transmission. Besides, design and analysis cycle can be shortened and design costs can be reduced in a certain extent. Chinese enterprises can greatly enhance the design level, the ability of independent innovation, and the production competitiveness. Thus, the enterprises will generate considerable economics and social benefits.
 
Key words: Three-Ring Reducer  Finite Element Analysis  ABAQUS application   Pro/E Three-dimensional design
 
目  錄

摘  要 1
ABSTRACT 2
第一章  緒  論 1
1.1 課題研究的內(nèi)容與意義 1
1.1.1課題研究的內(nèi)容 1
1.1.2課題研究的意義 1
1.2三環(huán)減速器的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢 2
1.2.1國內(nèi)外三環(huán)減速器的發(fā)展歷史 2
1.2.2三環(huán)減速器的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.3三環(huán)減速器的發(fā)展趨勢 5
本章小結 6
第二章  三環(huán)減速器簡介 7
2.1三環(huán)減速器基本結構 7
2.2三環(huán)減速器的工作原理 9
2.3三環(huán)減速器基本參數(shù) 11
2.4三環(huán)減速器齒輪的校核 12
2.5三環(huán)減速器傳動的優(yōu)點及存在的主要問題 14
本章小結 15
第三章  Pro/E Wildfire 3.0 建模 16
3.1基于Pro/E 的實體造型技術特點 16
3.1.1基于特征的（Feature-Based） 16
3.1.2基于參數(shù)化的（Parametric-based） 16
3.1.3全數(shù)據(jù)相關性（Full Associative） 16
3.2 Pro/E在實際應用中的缺點 17
3.3 三環(huán)減速器主要部件Pro/E造型 17
3.3.1軸類零件造型 17
3.3.2齒輪零件的創(chuàng)建 19
3.3.3軸承零件的創(chuàng)建 22
3.4三環(huán)減速器主要零件的裝配 24
3.4.1偏心套部分的裝配 24
3.4.2支撐軸部分的裝配 25
3.4.3輸出軸部分的裝配 27
3.4.4三環(huán)減速器的整體裝配 29
本章小結 32
第四章  有限元單元法與ABAQUS軟件簡介 33
4.1有限單元法基礎 33
4.1.1有限單元法 33
4.1.2有限單元法的特點 33
4.1.3有限單元法解的特點 34
4.1.4有限單元法的分析過程 34
4.1.5有限單元法發(fā)展歷史和發(fā)展趨勢 35
4.2關于ABAQUS 37
4.2.1 ABAQUS軟件簡介 37
4.2.2 ABAQUS接觸分析 38
本章小結 39
第五章  三環(huán)減速器齒輪副多齒嚙合特性的有限元分析 40
5.1三環(huán)減速器齒輪副實體模型的建立 40
5.2有限元網(wǎng)格的劃分 42
5.3邊界條件的確定和載荷的施加 44
5.3.1 接觸的定義 44
5.3.2 施加載荷和約束 45
5.4三環(huán)減速器齒輪副接觸應力分析 46
5.5齒輪副Mises應力和彎曲應力分析 48
5.6有限元分析結果與理論計算結果的對比 49
本章小結 51
謝  辭 52
參考文獻 53