本文詳細(xì)介紹了多變量預(yù)測(cè)控制算法及其在環(huán)境試驗(yàn)設(shè)備控制中的應(yīng)用。由于環(huán)境試驗(yàn)設(shè)備的溫度和濕度控制系統(tǒng)具有較大的時(shí)間滯后，而且系統(tǒng)間存在比較嚴(yán)重的耦合現(xiàn)象，用常規(guī)的PID控制不能取得滿意的控制效果。針對(duì)這種系統(tǒng)，本文采用了多變量預(yù)測(cè)控制算法對(duì)其進(jìn)行了控制仿真。
預(yù)測(cè)控制算法是一種基于系統(tǒng)輸入輸出描述的控制算法，其三項(xiàng)基本原理是預(yù)測(cè)模型、滾動(dòng)優(yōu)化、反饋校正。它選擇單位階躍響應(yīng)作為它的“預(yù)測(cè)模型”。這種算法除了能簡(jiǎn)化建模過(guò)程外，還可以通過(guò)選擇合適的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，獲得較好的控制效果和解耦效果。
本文先對(duì)環(huán)境試驗(yàn)設(shè)備作了簡(jiǎn)介，對(duì)控制中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明；而后對(duì)多變量預(yù)測(cè)控制算法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的推導(dǎo)，包括多變量自衡系統(tǒng)預(yù)測(cè)制算法和多變量非自衡系統(tǒng)預(yù)測(cè)控制算法；然后給出了系統(tǒng)的建模過(guò)程及相應(yīng)的系統(tǒng)模型，在此基礎(chǔ)上采用多變量預(yù)測(cè)控制算法對(duì)環(huán)境試驗(yàn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行了控制仿真，并對(duì)仿真效果進(jìn)行了比較。
仿真結(jié)果表明，對(duì)于和環(huán)境試驗(yàn)設(shè)備的溫度濕度控制系統(tǒng)具有類似特性的多變量系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)用多變量預(yù)測(cè)控制算法進(jìn)行控制能夠取得比常規(guī)PID控制更加令人滿意的效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：多變量系統(tǒng)；預(yù)測(cè)控制；環(huán)境試驗(yàn)設(shè)備

In this paper, multivariable predictive control algorithm and its application to the control of the environmental test device are introduced particularly. The temperature and humidity control system of the environmental test device is characterized as long time delay and severe coupling. Therefore, the routine PID control effect is unsatisfactory. In this case, the simulation of the temperature and humidity control of the environmental test device based on multivariable predictive control algorithm is made.
Predictive control algorithm is one of control algorithm based on description of system’s input-output. Its three basic principles are predictive model, rolling optimization and feedback correction. It chooses unit step response as its predictive model, so that the modeling process is simplified. In addition, good control and decoupling effects could be possessed by means of selection suitable parameters.
In this paper, the environmental test device is introduced briefly and the existing problems are showed. Then multivariable predictive control algorithm is presented particularly, including multivariable auto-balance system predictive control algorithm and multivariable auto-unbalance system predictive control algorithm. Next, system modeling process and corresponding system model are proposed. Further, the multivariable predictive control algorithm is applied to the temperature and humidity control system of the environmental test device. Finally, the simulation results are compared.
Results of the simulation show that multivariable predictive control algorithm could be used in those multivariable system like the temperature and humidity control system of the environmental test device and the control result would be more satisfactory than that of the routine PID control.

Keyword: Multivariable system； Predictive control； Environmental test device
目 錄
第一章　緒 論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 數(shù)字圖像技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 1
1.3 問(wèn)題的提出 3
1.4 論文各章節(jié)的安排 4
第二章 數(shù)字圖像處理方法與研究 5
2.1 灰度直方圖 5
2.1.1 定義 5
2.1.2 直方圖的性質(zhì)和用途 5
2.2 幾何變換 8
2.2.1 空間變換 8
2.2.2 灰度級(jí)插值 8
2.2.3 幾何運(yùn)算的應(yīng)用 10
2.3 空間濾波增強(qiáng) 10
2.3.1 空間濾波原理 10
2.3.2 拉普拉斯算子 11
2.3.3 中值濾波 12
2.4 圖像分割處理 13
2.4.1 直方圖門限化的二值分割 14
2.4.2 直方圖的最佳門限分割 14
2.4.3 區(qū)域生長(zhǎng) 16
第三章 圖像處理軟件設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.1 圖像處理軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具的選擇 18
3.1.1 BMP圖像格式的結(jié)構(gòu) 18
3.1.2 軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具的選擇 19
3.2 EAN-13碼簡(jiǎn)介 20
3.2.1 EAN-13條碼的結(jié)構(gòu) 20
3.2.2 條碼的編碼方法 21
3.1 系統(tǒng)界面設(shè)計(jì) 22
第四章 條碼圖像測(cè)試 24
4.1 條碼圖像處理的主要方法 24
4.2 條碼圖像測(cè)試結(jié)果 25
第五章 總結(jié)與展望 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 29
致 謝 30