電機(jī)自拖動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì)

摘要

本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)研究的課題是智能化轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量?jī)x。電機(jī)在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，轉(zhuǎn)速是一個(gè)必不可少的一個(gè)參數(shù)。本系統(tǒng)就是對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行測(cè)量，并可以和PC機(jī)通信，顯示電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，并觀察電機(jī)運(yùn)行的狀況。
本設(shè)計(jì)主要用AT89C51作為控制核心，由霍爾傳感器、LED數(shù)碼顯、HIN232CPE電平轉(zhuǎn)換、及RS232構(gòu)成。詳細(xì)介紹了單片機(jī)的測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)及PC機(jī)與單片機(jī)之間的串行通訊。充分發(fā)揮了單片機(jī)的性能。本文重點(diǎn)是測(cè)量速度并顯示在5位LED數(shù)碼管上。
其優(yōu)點(diǎn)硬件電路簡(jiǎn)單，軟件功能完善，測(cè)量速度快、精度高、控制系統(tǒng)可靠，性價(jià)比較高等特點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵字：MSC-51（單片機(jī)）；轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器 ；數(shù)碼顯示；RS232

Abstract

This design project for graduation’ task is to monitor intellectual tachometer measurement device electrical machinery when it runs, Tachometer is an indispensable parament. And then this system can solve the problem of monitoring tachometer by tachometer, and it can achieve the communication of the machine of PC. 
For adjusting the stability of the electrical machinery when it runs, take notes the record about the tachometer per minutes; draw the coordinate charter between tachometer and time.
This design mainly applies AT89c51 to control core and combine sensor, LED, HIN232CPE, and RS232.this design introduce the system of tachometer measurement of MCU.
The send and receiver of the date take the full use of the natural capacity of MCU. The key of this paper is to measure tachometer and manifest it on LED.
The advantages are simple hardware electrical circuit, perfect software competence, high-speed measurement, high accuracy, reliable control system, relatively high price and other features
Keyword ：MSC-51(One-chip computer)；sensor；tachometer；RS232

目錄

0前言……………………………………………………………………….................................1
1系統(tǒng)功能分析……………………………………………………….... …...........................2
1.1系統(tǒng)功能概述………………………………………………………. …............................ 2
1.1.1系統(tǒng)功能………………………………………………………….. …........... 2
1.1.2 組成及框圖………………………………………………………. …............................2
1.2系統(tǒng)要求及主要內(nèi)容……………………………………………….. ……….. 2
1.3系統(tǒng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)……………………………………………………….. ……….. 3
2系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………. ……….. 4
2.1硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)思路……………………………………………………............. 4
2.2軟件設(shè)計(jì)思路......................................................................................................4
3硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………………..6
3.1 單片機(jī)模塊………………………………………………………………………………..6
3.1.1執(zhí)行元件……………………………………………………………............. .6
3.1.2時(shí)鐘電路…………………………………………………………………… ..9
3.1.3復(fù)位電路…………………………………………………………………… 10
3.1.4顯示電路…………………………………………………………………… 11
3.2霍爾傳感器簡(jiǎn)介............................................................................................... 13
3.2.1霍爾器件概述……………………………………………………………… 13
3.2.2霍爾傳感器的應(yīng)用………………………………………………………… 14
3.2.3 AH41霍爾開(kāi)關(guān)……………………………………………………………. 15
3.3發(fā)送模塊…………………………………………………………………….. 16
3.3.1數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸………………………………………………………………... 16
3.3.2器件的介紹……………………………………………………………… 16
4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)…………………………………………………………..………… 19
4.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介……………………………………………………………….. 19
4.1.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的主要特性……………………………………………….........19
4.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)………………………………………………………………..20
4.3 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介……………………………………….....................21
4.3.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器的特點(diǎn)………………………………………………….21
4.4 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)……………………………………………….22
5軟件設(shè)計(jì)..............................................................................................................24
5．1單片機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速程序設(shè)計(jì)思路及過(guò)程………………………………………….24
5.1.1單片機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)思路……………………………………………………….24
5.1.2單片機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算程序……………………………………………………….25
5.1.3二-十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換程序………………………………………………………...25
5.1.4單片機(jī)顯示程序…………………………………………………………….26
5.2程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………26
6 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試……………………………………………………………………….29
6.1硬件調(diào)試………………………………………………………………………29
6.1.1上電前的調(diào)試……………………………………………………………….29
6.1.2上電后的調(diào)試……………………………………………………………….29
6.2軟件測(cè)試………………………………………………………………….......30
6.2.1單片機(jī)程序調(diào)試思路…………………………………………………….30
6.3綜合調(diào)試………………………………………………………………………32
6.4故障分析與解決方案…………………………………………………………32
7程序……………………………………………………………………………...34
8電機(jī)微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性…………………………………………………...37
8.1電機(jī)微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的故障概述…………………………………………….............37
8.1.1與可靠性有關(guān)的幾個(gè)概念………………………………………………...............37
8.1.2電機(jī)微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的故障分析…………………………………………………..38
8.2提高電機(jī)微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)可靠性的方法……………………………………...40
8.2.1提高硬件可靠性的方法…………………………………………………...40
8.2.2提高軟件可靠性的方法………………………………………………….43
9技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析……………………………………………………………….... .44
10結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………45
致謝……………………………………………………………………………… 46
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………….47
附錄A譯文……………………………………………………………………….48
附錄B外文文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………….56