基于GPS車載移動臺的設計

摘要

這項設計介紹了利用GPS全球定位技術、微型計算機技術以及GSM移動通信技術構成車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中移動單元。其中，針對GPS偽距定位方法和差分定位技術作了一定說明，并給出了GPS接收機的數(shù)據(jù)類型。目前，GPS數(shù)據(jù)接收和存儲主要由軟件完成，而此設計利用硬件電路實現(xiàn)GPS數(shù)據(jù)接收存儲的一種方法。其硬件電路主要由單片機AT89C52及通用異步串口通信接口16C552等外圍電路組成，并對16C552原理做了介紹。為了實現(xiàn)兩片AT89C52間的高速可靠數(shù)據(jù)通信，此設計采用了IDT7130雙口RAM作為存儲器，將GPS數(shù)據(jù)存儲于雙口RAM中，同時對雙口RAM的工作原理也作了一些必要說明。另外，為了實現(xiàn)廉價、高精度定位，分析采用了GSM短消息傳送車輛定位數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)點。研究了如何應用SIEMENS M20 GSM模塊等外圍器件組成GSM移動通信平臺，同時對短消息業(yè)務（SMS）通信中的AT指令、收發(fā)短消息的格式、編碼與解碼方法進行了簡要的介紹。為了使車載移動單元功能更加強大，此設計對緊急情況下語音報警電路及移動臺的天線選擇也做了一定的論述。
關鍵字：全球定位系統(tǒng)；微型計算機；全球移動通信系統(tǒng)；車輛

Abstract

Taking advantage of the technology of GPS(Global positioning System),the technology of Microcomputer and the technology of GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) constitute the mobile monitor unit for real-time vehicle tracking system are described in this paper.Among them,making some explanation aim at the method of GPS Pseudo Distance positioning,illustrating the technology of difference positioning in some extent,and giving the type of GPS receiver data.At present,the GPS data receiving and storing are completed by software,but using hardware realizes GPS data receiving and storing are introduced in this design.The circuits of the hardware are consisted of singlechip AT89C52 and current asynchronism serial port 16C552 etc,peripheral cicuits,what is more,make some introduction on the principal of 16C552.In order to realize high speed and secure digital communication between AT89C52,this design adopt IDT7130 dual-port RAM as memory,the data of GPS are stored in the dual-port RAM.at the same time,make some necessary illustration on the operation principal of dual-port RAM.In addition to,the advantage of GSM using in transmitting the vehicle positioning information is analyzed,for realize high cheap positioning and high precise positioning.Studied how to use SIEMENS M20 GSM module etc.peripheral circuits constitute GSM mobile, whilst introduced briefly the AT command of short message service(SMS),The format of receiving and sending short message,the method of coding and decoding.In order to making the mobile unit function more perfect,this design make some discussing about the circuit of sound alarming at urgent circumstance and the antenna of mobile choosing.
Keywords: GPS; Micro-computer; GSM；Vehicle

目錄

引言 …………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
第1章 車輛定位監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)及車載移動臺概述…………………………………………2
1.1 車輛定位監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) …………………………………………………………………… 2
1.2 車載移動單元…………………………………………………………………………… 2
第2章GPS定位技術及GPS接收機……………………………………………………4
2.1 GPS偽距導航定位原理…………………………………………………………………4
2.2差分GPS技術……………………………………………………………………………6
2.3 GPS-OEM板的基本結構與數(shù)據(jù)格式………………………………………………7
第3章 GPS數(shù)據(jù)采集………………………………………………………………………8
3.1 GPS數(shù)據(jù)采集卡各部分功能…………………………………………………………12
3.1.1 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)………………………………………………………………………………12
3.1.2 可編程通信通信接口………………………………………………………………18
3.1.3 數(shù)據(jù)存儲器……………………………………………………………………………22
3.1.4 RS-232C/TTL轉換芯片…………………………………………………………24
3.2 GPS數(shù)據(jù)采集卡軟件流程圖…………………………………………………………25
3.3GPS數(shù)據(jù)采集卡的硬件組成框圖……………………………………………………29
第4章 GSM移動通信平臺………………………………………………………………30
4.1 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的信息傳輸方式分析…………………………………………………30
4.2 通過GSM網(wǎng)傳輸車輛定位信息的優(yōu)點…………………………………………31
4.3 基于GSM技術的車輛監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中GSM移動臺的設計………………………31
4.3.1 適合GPS信息傳輸?shù)腉SM業(yè)務方式選擇……………………………………32
4.3.2 基于SMS的遠程數(shù)據(jù)傳輸…………………………………………………………32
4.3.3 GSM模塊的選擇……………………………………………………………………33
4.3.4 GSM語音通信電路原理…………………………………………………………34
4.3.5 SIM卡原理………………………………………………………………………36
4.3.6 GSM移動天線的選擇……………………………………………………………38
4.4 GSM移動通信平臺的硬件組成框圖………………………………………………39
4.5 GSM移動通信平臺軟件編程圖……………………………………………………40
第5章 抗干擾措施…………………………………………………………………………41
5.1 信號傳輸通道的抗干擾措施…………………………………………………………41
5.2 人工復位………………………………………………………………………………41
5.3 掉電保護………………………………………………………………………………41
經(jīng)濟效益分析………………………………………………………………………………42
結論……………………………………………………………………………………………45
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………46
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………47
附錄 A 英文文獻…………………………………………………………………………48
附錄 B 英文文獻譯文……………………………………………………………………65
附圖 系統(tǒng)硬件連接圖