智能漏電保護(hù)器的設(shè)計

 包含開題報告，論文，實習(xí)報告，電路大圖


摘要

隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，整個社會的用電量迅速增長，在用電過程中，由于電氣設(shè)備本身的缺陷、使用不當(dāng)和安全技術(shù)措施不力而造成的人身觸電和火災(zāi)事故，給人民的生命和財產(chǎn)帶來了不應(yīng)有的損失。而漏電保護(hù)器的出現(xiàn)，對預(yù)防各類事故的發(fā)生，及時切斷電源，保護(hù)設(shè)備和人身的安全，提供了可靠而有效的技術(shù)手段。
首先，文章介紹了目前漏電保護(hù)器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，分析了目前我國漏電保護(hù)技術(shù)中存在的各種問題。提出將單片機技術(shù)應(yīng)用于漏電保護(hù)器的設(shè)計當(dāng)中，以提高其智能化水平，滿足用戶的多種需要。文章中介紹的漏電保護(hù)器能夠?qū)崟r監(jiān)測當(dāng)前剩余電流值的大小，具有理想的延時特性，并具有重合閘功能，能適應(yīng)各種復(fù)雜的農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)和多變的氣候環(huán)境，能夠同時保證用電安全與供電的可靠性。
本設(shè)計以PIC16F877單片機為處理器，并對單片機系統(tǒng)單元、電流信號采集單元、人機接口單元等硬件電路進(jìn)行了研究和分析，用單片機技術(shù)進(jìn)行軟硬件設(shè)計，實現(xiàn)漏電流的檢測，快速處理和顯示，設(shè)計出高可靠低價位的新型漏電保護(hù)器。
關(guān)鍵詞：漏電保護(hù)器；智能化；單片機

Abstract

With the rapid development of our economy, the electric consumption of our society has a rapid growth. Because of the defects of electrical equipment, the unsuitable use and the ineffective security measures, person may get an electric shock or a fire accident may happen in the process of consuming electricity. It will bring the undue losses of people’s life and property. The residual current operated protective device can provide reliable and effective techniques to prevent all kinds of accidents. It can cut off the power supply promptly and protect the equipment and personal security from harm.
Firstly, a brief introduction of the development of the residual current operated protective device is given, including the problems in the technology of the residual current protection that we are in face with. The technology of single-chip microcontroller will be used in residual current operated protective device for the design, in order to improve its intelligence. It can meet the diverse needs of users. The residual current operated protective device which is introduced in this paper can detect the real-time residual current value, ideal time delay and the automatic reclosing function. So all kinds of complicated rural grid and climatic condition can be adapted by the residual current operated protective device, and the safety and the reliability of the power supply can be ensured.
Using SCM(Single Chip Microcomputer),PIC16F877 as digital control system, study and analysis in SCM system, and interface unit. Realize the deeteting, Real-time disehgaring and displaying by applying single-chip microcontroller tehnology. And in final，intelligent residual current operated device with high reliability is completed.
Key words: residual current operated device; intelligent; single-chip microcontroller

目錄

0 引言 1
1  漏電保護(hù)器發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和設(shè)計任務(wù) 2
1.1  國外剩余電流保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展及動向 2
1.2  國內(nèi)剩余電流保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀 4
1.3  本設(shè)計的主要設(shè)計內(nèi)容 5
2  漏電保護(hù)器介紹 6
2.1  漏電保護(hù)器的工作原理 6
2.2  漏電保護(hù)器的分類 7
2.2.1  根據(jù)動作方式分類 7
2.2.2  根據(jù)漏電保護(hù)器的功能分類 8
2.2.3  根據(jù)漏電保護(hù)器的使用場合分類 8
2.2.4  根據(jù)漏電保護(hù)器動作是否具有延時時間分類 8
2.3  漏電保護(hù)器的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 9
2.4  電流對人體的作用 11
2.5  漏電保護(hù)器的電氣指標(biāo) 14
2.6  漏電緩變電流值的處理 15
2.7  漏電突變電流值的處理 16
3  總體設(shè)計方案 18
3.1  智能漏電保護(hù)器的設(shè)計要求 18
3.2  總體設(shè)計框圖 18
4  硬件電路設(shè)計 20
4.1  零序電流互感器的選擇 20
4.2  低通濾波器設(shè)計 20
4.3  相位同步電路的設(shè)計 21
4.4  單片機接口電路設(shè)計 22
4.4.1  PIC單片機介紹 22
4.4.2  PIC16F877單片機I/O腳分配 24
4.4.3  單片機接口按鍵設(shè)計 27
4.4.4  單片機復(fù)位電路設(shè)計 27
4.4.5  單片機振蕩電路設(shè)計 28
4.5  液晶顯示部分硬件設(shè)計 29
4.6  控制執(zhí)行部分硬件設(shè)計 31
4.7  電源部分設(shè)計 32
5  軟件部分的設(shè)計 33
5.1  軟件設(shè)計總體思想 33
5.2  主程序的設(shè)計 34
5.3  上電后的初始化模塊 36
5.4  中斷服務(wù)模塊 37
5.4.1  INT上升沿中斷 37
5.4.2  TMR2定時器中斷 39
5.5  漏電信號分析模塊 40
5.5.1  緩變電流計算模塊 40
5.5.2  漏電突變電流計算模塊 42
5.6  漏電動作記憶和顯示模塊 45
6  技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 46
7  結(jié)論 47
致謝 48
參考文獻(xiàn) 49
附錄A  譯文 50
附錄B  外文原文 56