CA6163普通車床數(shù)控化改造


摘要
機(jī)床是機(jī)械制造業(yè)的重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備，它的發(fā)展一直引起人們的高度關(guān)注，由于計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，促使機(jī)床的控制信息出現(xiàn)了很大的突破?，F(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床是應(yīng)用數(shù)字化計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)進(jìn)行柔性自動化控制的新一代機(jī)床，是未來工廠自動化的基礎(chǔ)。舊機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造范圍大、潛力大、投資少、見效快，已經(jīng)成為適合我國國情，促進(jìn)制造業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的重要手段。因此，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造車床的研究具有重要意義。
本文在敘述了數(shù)控技術(shù)的歷史、現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對舊機(jī)床的分析，結(jié)合機(jī)床改造的總體思想，提出了數(shù)控化改造的技術(shù)方案和新數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選型配置方案;針對舊機(jī)床的要求，進(jìn)行了傳動系統(tǒng)的重新設(shè)計(jì)，提高了傳動的精度，重新設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)床的控制邏輯，通過對伺服系統(tǒng)的分析，完成了機(jī)床各主要參數(shù)的優(yōu)化和匹配。
本機(jī)床改造后將會展示出強(qiáng)大的功能、穩(wěn)定的性能，在投資比較少的情況下，既能滿足生產(chǎn)加工的需求，又能提高機(jī)床的自動化程度。是一次有益的嘗試。
關(guān)鍵詞：CA6163;機(jī)床;改造;數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。
 
Abstract
The modern Computer Numerical Control （CNC）machine is the foundation of the modern manufactory. The remaking of old machine for CNC is an efficient means to promote the progress of the manufactory, which is adapted to the circumstance for our country. Its range is wide, its cost is low and its period is short. Therefore, it is very important to study a remarking the lathe machine by using CNC system.
This paper introduces the history and the development of CNC system. Based on its theory, through the analysis about the components of the old machine, presents the remaking transmission system to raise the precision of the lathe。Presents the remaking schemes of the CNC system. According to the old machine, the detail design and adjustment of the electric system have been completed, including the design of hardware and control software：Have introduced the one-chip computer system briefly, and has designed the electric control circuit of the numerical control lathe with the one-chip computer；And also redesign the control logic of the machine, through analyzing of the servo system, the main parameters of the machine have been confirmed and optimized also.
Have discussed two kinds interpolation numerical control lathes with thematic part, and design the interpolation forms for the numerical control lathe.
The remarked machine will show its powerful ability and high reliability, it conforms to the technical regulation and the accuracy standard of the machine.，and    will process the qualified part, it has improved the performance of the lathe greatly, it’s a beneficial try.
Keywords：CA6163;lathe ; Remake ; CNC system ; One-chip computer.
 
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
第一章 緒論 1
1.1  數(shù)控機(jī)床的歷史和現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2  數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢和研究方向 3
1.2.1  高速度、高精度化 4
1.2.2多功能化 6
1.2.3智能化 7
1.2.4數(shù)控系統(tǒng)小型化 8
1.2.5數(shù)控編程自動化 8
1.2.6更高的可靠性 9
1.3機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要性 9
第二章 機(jī)床改造的任務(wù)及總體思想 12
2.1機(jī)床改造的總體任務(wù) 12
2.2運(yùn)動系統(tǒng)方案確定 12
2.2.1伺服系統(tǒng)的選擇 12
2.2.2傳動方式的選擇 13
2.3數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟硬件總體設(shè)計(jì) 14
2.4數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 14
2.5數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟件結(jié)構(gòu) 15
第三章 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)傳動計(jì)算 17
3.1確定系統(tǒng)脈沖當(dāng)量 17
3.2切削力的確定 17
3.3計(jì)算進(jìn)給牽引力 18
3.4計(jì)算最大動負(fù)載C 18
3.5傳動效率計(jì)算 20
3.6剛度計(jì)算 20
3.7進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)傳動計(jì)算 21
3.7.1確定傳動比 21
3.7.2齒輪參數(shù)的計(jì)算 21
3.8步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算和選用 22
3.8.1轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的計(jì)算 22
3.8.2電機(jī)力矩的計(jì)算 23
3.9步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 26
結(jié)論 28
參考文獻(xiàn) 1
致謝 3