摘 要

隨著世界船市的變化和我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，從二十世紀(jì)九十年代起世界造船業(yè)中心已顯現(xiàn)了向中國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢(shì)。作為柴油機(jī)核心部件之一的曲軸，其質(zhì)量的好壞對(duì)整個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壽命至關(guān)重要。所以開(kāi)展對(duì)半組合式船用曲軸紅套工藝的研究具有非常重要的意義。
鑒于感應(yīng)加熱器具有易控制、效率高、污染少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，本文采用中頻感應(yīng)加熱器加熱曲軸，采用有限元方法建立了電磁場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)方程，并且利用ANSYS軟件對(duì)曲軸紅套的感應(yīng)加熱過(guò)程進(jìn)行了模擬。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：
1. 深入的研究了感應(yīng)加熱相關(guān)理論，主要包括：感應(yīng)加熱的基本原理，尤其是渦流的集膚效應(yīng)和透入深度問(wèn)題；感應(yīng)加熱數(shù)值模擬理論及有限元方法；電磁場(chǎng)基本定律及溫度場(chǎng)相關(guān)理論。
2. 研究、歸納總結(jié)了ANSYS軟件多場(chǎng)耦合分析的類(lèi)型，并對(duì)曲軸紅套過(guò)程中涉及到的多場(chǎng)耦合過(guò)程，分別確定了恰當(dāng)?shù)姆治龇椒ǎ弘姶?熱場(chǎng)耦合分析的物理環(huán)境法、熱-結(jié)構(gòu)場(chǎng)耦合分析的間接法。
3. 利用有限元軟件ANSYS仿真了用中頻感應(yīng)加熱器加熱半組合式船用柴油機(jī)曲軸的全過(guò)程。特別是對(duì)其耦合仿真中幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了恰當(dāng)?shù)奶幚恚绮捎貌楸矸ń鉀Q了材料物理參數(shù)隨溫度的變化而改變的問(wèn)題和利用物理環(huán)境法實(shí)現(xiàn)了電磁場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)兩個(gè)場(chǎng)的循環(huán)耦合問(wèn)題。
4. 利用APDL(參數(shù)化程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言)編寫(xiě)了一套基于ANSYS的曲軸紅套加熱過(guò)程的命令流并對(duì)ANSYS 10.0進(jìn)行了二次開(kāi)發(fā)，進(jìn)而可以高效率的分析不同電流密度、頻率等參數(shù)對(duì)曲臂溫度的影響，為紅套工藝制定提供參考依據(jù)。
本文利用ANSYS軟件對(duì)曲軸紅套感應(yīng)加熱過(guò)程進(jìn)行了仿真，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了仿真方法的正確性。同時(shí)，通過(guò)APDL對(duì)ANSYS 10.0二次開(kāi)發(fā)，仿真了不同加熱參數(shù)對(duì)曲臂溫度的影響，確定了一組合理的曲軸紅套加熱參數(shù)。

關(guān)鍵詞 曲軸；紅套；數(shù)值模擬；二次開(kāi)發(fā)



Abstract

With the variation of the international ship industry and the development of our country’s economy, ship building center of the world has shown the trend of shifting to China from the 1990’s. Crankshaft is one of key components of diesel, and its quality is vital to the endurance of engine. As a result, it is significant to carry out research for shrinkage fit of marine semi-built-up crankshaft.
Considering induction heater possesses advantages as easy control, high efficiency, low pollution, etc. Mid-Frequency induction heater was adopted to heat crankshaft and also equations of magnetic field and temperature field based on FEM, moreover, ANSYS software was used to simulate the heating process to shrinkage fit. The main research contents of this paper were listed as:
1. Based on the former research results, induction heating theory was introduced in detail which include: elementary principle of induction heating, especially the skin effect of eddy and depth of penetration, the theory of numerical simulation for induction heating and FEM, fundamental laws of magnetic field and correlation theory of temperature field.
2. Various types of ANSYS Multi-fields coupling analysis was studied embeddedly, as for the involved electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis in shrinkage fit process and thermal-structural coupling analysis, proper analysis method was confirmed, which are indirect method and physical environmental method.
3. The process of heating crankshaft of semi-built-up marine diesel by mid-frequency induction heater was simulated in FEM software ANSYS. Several key points of coupling simulation were properly managed particularly, for instance, the variation of material ideal parameters along with the temperature variation was settled by look-up table and the physical environment method was utilized to realize the circular coupling between magnetic field and temperature field.
4. The APDL (ANSYS parameterized programming language) was used to compile a set of command stream based on ANSYS and secondary development based on ANSYS10.0, consequently, analyzing crank arm temperature caused by different current densities and frequencies efficiently can provide reference frame for constitution of shrinkage fit technic.
ANSYS software was applied to simulate the heating process of crankshaft shrinkage fit; also the experiment has proven the correctness of the simulation method. Contemporarily, secondary development of ANSYS 10.0 was conducted by APDL, the influence of different heating parameters to crank arm temperature has been simulated, a set of crankshaft shrinkage fit heating parameters were confirmed finally.

Key words crankshaft, shrinkage fit, numerical simulation, secondary development

目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 選題的背景與意義 1
1.2 感應(yīng)加熱技術(shù)的發(fā)展與優(yōu)點(diǎn) 4
1.3 感應(yīng)加熱數(shù)值模擬國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 6
1.4 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和章節(jié)安排 7
1.5 本章小結(jié) 9
第2章 感應(yīng)加熱基本理論和數(shù)學(xué)模型 10
2.1 感應(yīng)加熱基本理論 10
2.1.1 感應(yīng)加熱的原理 10
2.1.2 集膚效應(yīng) 11
2.1.3 透入深度 12
2.2 電磁場(chǎng)的有限元數(shù)學(xué)模型 13
2.2.1 電磁場(chǎng)基本方程 13
2.2.2 Maxwell方程組的微分形式 14
2.2.3 電磁場(chǎng)中常見(jiàn)的邊界條件 16
2.2.4 基于磁矢量位的感應(yīng)加熱渦流場(chǎng)方程 17
2.3 溫度場(chǎng)的有限元數(shù)學(xué)模型 20
2.3.1 溫度場(chǎng)基本理論 20
2.3.2 感應(yīng)加熱溫度場(chǎng)有限元方程 21
2.4 本章小結(jié) 24
第3章 曲軸紅套的數(shù)值模擬及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題處理 25
3.1 數(shù)值計(jì)算法 25
3.2 有限元法 27
..