摘 要
炮閂機(jī)構(gòu)是艦炮的重要機(jī)構(gòu)之一，其主要作用是閉鎖炮膛、擊發(fā)底火和抽出藥筒。在某中口徑艦炮實(shí)際工作過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)抽殼系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性是影響艦炮可靠性的重要因素。針對炮彈發(fā)射過程中抽殼系統(tǒng)存在的塑性變形和構(gòu)件磨損問題，以及抽殼動(dòng)作不能順利完成現(xiàn)象，在結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)理論的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合有限元技術(shù)分別對藥筒的抽殼力和抽殼系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)進(jìn)行特性研究分析，并完成數(shù)值模擬。
本文主要研究內(nèi)容有：
1) 在抽殼力的模擬中，首先闡述了炮彈發(fā)射和藥筒抽出過程，進(jìn)行了彈塑性力學(xué)分析，并探討了影響抽殼力的因素；然后利用有限元軟件ABAQUS對抽殼力進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，并結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了方法的合理性和正確性，為藥筒的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考。
2) 對抽殼系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，論述了抽殼系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理，應(yīng)用三維軟件PRO/E和有限元軟件HyperMesh分別建立了某艦炮抽殼系統(tǒng)的實(shí)體模型和有限元分析模型；然后運(yùn)用ABAQUS的顯示算法對模型進(jìn)行分析研究，揭示了抽殼系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律，比較了搖臂磨損前后抽殼系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，探討了磨損后對抽殼系統(tǒng)能量和抽殼速度的影響，并針對抽筒子的塑性變形對抽殼系統(tǒng)中的搖臂進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，解決了抽筒子塑性變形的問題，確定了搖臂的最佳厚度選擇；最后通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了有限元分析模型的合理性和正確性。
通過實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真分析相結(jié)合對艦炮抽殼系統(tǒng)的非線性結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)研究，為抽殼系統(tǒng)的研究提出了一種等效模型，為艦炮構(gòu)件磨損分析提供一種研究方法，同時(shí)也為以后產(chǎn)品的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)提供理論和實(shí)踐上的支持。

關(guān)鍵詞 顯式算法；數(shù)值模擬；塑性變形；抽殼系統(tǒng)
Abstract
The breech mechanism is one of the key mechanism of naval gun, which is vital for closed bore, percussion primer and extraction cartridge. In real work, the dynamic characteristics of extractor system were important factor affecting a naval gun’s reliability. Aiming at the problem, which system exist plastic deformation and component abrasion and extraction cartridge action can not be successfully completed after gun fired, on the basis of the theory of structural dynamics and combined with finite element technique, the extracting force and structural dynamics of extractor system were analyzed, the numerical analysis of extracting force were completed.
The main contents of this thesis:
1) In the simulation of extracting force, in the first place, gun fired and extraction process were described, the elastic-plastic mechanics analysis were done and influence factor of extracting force was discussed. Then, with ABAQUS, the numerical analysis of extracting force was performed and the correctness and rationality of method were verified by experiment, it based for dynamics analysis and provided reference for cartridge design.
2) In the analysis of structural dynamics of system, first, the working principle and structure of extractor system were explicate, the solid model and FEA model were build with PRO/E and HyperMesh. Secondly, the FEA model were analyzed by explicit algorithm of ABAQUS, the stress distribution law of system were revealed, the dynamic characteristics of system before and after abrasion were compared, the abrasion was influenced on the energy of system and velocity of extraction. Aiming at plastic deformation of extractor, rocker arm was optimized, the plastic deformation of extractor was resolved and the best thickness choice was confirmed. Finally, through the experiment, the correctness and rationality of method were verified.
Study on nonlinear structural dynamics study of system, which was based on experimental and simulation analysis, proposed an equivalent model for extracting cartridge case system, provided a research method for abrasion analysis of naval gun component and theoretical and practical support for future production improvements.

Keywords explicit algorithm, numerical analysis, plastic deformation, extractor system


目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究的背景及意義 1
1.2 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.1 火炮動(dòng)力學(xué) 3
1.2.2 炮閂機(jī)構(gòu) 4
1.3 本文主要研究內(nèi)容及章節(jié)安排 5
1.3.1 主要研究內(nèi)容 5
1.3.2 章節(jié)安排及論文結(jié)構(gòu)框架 5
1.4 本章小結(jié) 6
第2章 非線性結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析理論 7
2.1 有限元法 7
2.1.1 有限元法的基本思想 7
2.1.2 有限元法分析的基本步驟 8
2.2 彈塑性力學(xué)理論 9
2.2.1 應(yīng)變強(qiáng)化模式 9
2.2.2 受內(nèi)壓的厚壁圓筒理論 10
2.3結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ) 11
2.3.1 結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)非線性有限元方程組的求解方法 11
2.3.2 阻尼模型 16
2.4 接觸-碰撞理論 17
2.4.1 摩擦模型 18
2.4.2 ABAQUS中的接觸-碰撞約束 19
2.5本章小結(jié) 20
第3章 基于彈塑性理論的抽殼力分析 21
3.1 艦炮炮彈發(fā)射與抽殼過程 21
3.2 彈塑性力學(xué)分析 22
3.2.1 藥筒貼膛前的力學(xué)分析 22
3.2.2 藥筒貼膛后到膛壓達(dá)到最大階段的力學(xué)分析 24
3.2.3 膛壓下降階段的力學(xué)分析 26
3.3 抽殼力影響因素的理論分析 27
3.4 抽殼力的數(shù)值模擬 30
3.4.1 建立有限元模型 30
3.4.2 材料定義 30
3.4.3 接觸定義 31
3.4.4 載荷和邊界條件 31
3.4.5 結(jié)果分析 32
3.5 抽殼力的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證 33
3.6本章小結(jié) 34
第4章 艦炮抽殼系統(tǒng)有限元模型建立 35
4.1 抽殼系統(tǒng)的工作原理 35
4.2抽殼系統(tǒng)實(shí)體模型 36
4.3抽殼系統(tǒng)有限元模型 36
4.3.1 網(wǎng)格劃分 36
4.3.2 阻尼分析 37
4.3.3 抽殼系統(tǒng)各部件間的連接 38
4.3.4 載荷與邊界條件 42
4.4 本章小結(jié) 42-..