4LZ-1200型收割機(jī)的籽粒清選及裝袋設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)相關(guān)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文，里面有詳細(xì)的圖紙，說(shuō)明書，外文翻譯



[設(shè)計(jì)總說(shuō)明]小型聯(lián)合收割機(jī)清選裝置目前國(guó)內(nèi)已經(jīng)基本上能夠自給自足，但是由于市場(chǎng)上大部分清選設(shè)備價(jià)格高，能耗大，還不能完全適應(yīng)小型聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的要求。因此開(kāi)發(fā)小型收割機(jī)的清選裝置，對(duì)提高我國(guó)收獲谷物質(zhì)量、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)代化水平具有重要意義。本文研制開(kāi)發(fā)出一種實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、市場(chǎng)前景好的小型聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的清選機(jī)裝置。
本文在介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外種子清選裝置的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與動(dòng)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了研制價(jià)格低、操作簡(jiǎn)單、使用方便的小型聯(lián)合收割機(jī)清選裝置的意義和市場(chǎng)需求，制定了裝置總體設(shè)計(jì)方案，對(duì)裝置的風(fēng)機(jī)、傳動(dòng)、清選原理進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)研究設(shè)計(jì)。清選裝置采用直葉片風(fēng)機(jī)；傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)采用V帶傳動(dòng)，傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)，結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸小；帶輪采用實(shí)心輪。介紹了谷粒的基本物理特性,分析谷粒在水平氣流中的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡與受力間的關(guān)系,設(shè)計(jì)出箱體式純氣流谷物清選裝置,并確定了清選流場(chǎng)的守恒方程。借助Fluent軟件,建立了氣固多相流的歐拉模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了谷物清選的仿真模擬并獲得相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),論證了適用于微型聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的氣流式清選裝置的可能性與可行性。
該水稻收割機(jī)為輪式自走全喂入聯(lián)合收割機(jī)，整機(jī)分為行走部分和收割部分，行走部分采用四輪式拖拉機(jī)形式，驅(qū)動(dòng)形式為柴油機(jī)前置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)，行走輪采用人字橡膠輪，后輪（驅(qū)動(dòng)輪）用特制的剛輪制成，有利于增加行走時(shí)對(duì)土壤的附著力，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到變速箱之間采用單片摩擦式離合器傳動(dòng)動(dòng)力，變速箱是在拖拉機(jī)變速箱基礎(chǔ)上加大傳動(dòng)比而成的，采用前輪轉(zhuǎn)向，由轉(zhuǎn)向盤經(jīng)過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)和轉(zhuǎn)向搖桿控制轉(zhuǎn)向，制動(dòng)器由雙端拉緊帶式制動(dòng)式，采用半軸制動(dòng)。有動(dòng)力輸出軸經(jīng)過(guò)變速箱輸出。前懸梁伸出約0.5m用于懸掛收割機(jī)割臺(tái)。收割部分由割刀，攪龍，輸送鏈、脫粒滾筒、凹板、逐稿輪、逐稿器和清選篩、風(fēng)扇、螺旋推運(yùn)器、和接糧平臺(tái)組成。收割機(jī)割臺(tái)由割刀、攪龍組成，其上端兩點(diǎn)懸掛在前懸梁上面，下端由液壓缸支撐在車架上面 ，可以調(diào)節(jié)割臺(tái)的高低，當(dāng)需要割在較高時(shí)，只需要將液壓缸支起即可。設(shè)計(jì)收割機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)需要從以下幾個(gè)方面加以把握。工藝過(guò)程連續(xù)、流暢。在布置工作部件的相互位置和尺寸時(shí)，除了考慮個(gè)工作部件的生產(chǎn)率平衡和各部件的參數(shù)確定，注意交接過(guò)度部位的設(shè)計(jì)，保證谷物聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的均勻連續(xù)，避免出現(xiàn)超負(fù)荷的部件和產(chǎn)生不應(yīng)該有的損失。同時(shí)，還要整車的結(jié)構(gòu)盡量緊湊，本設(shè)計(jì)充分考慮了以上情況，從水稻的實(shí)際生長(zhǎng)情況和田間作業(yè)的復(fù)雜情況進(jìn)行分析，確定了撥禾輪的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸，轉(zhuǎn)速，以及其離地高度和相對(duì)于攪龍的位置，采用手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)可以充分滿足多種倒伏或生長(zhǎng)情況不同的水稻，相對(duì)于同類聯(lián)合收割機(jī)，本車結(jié)構(gòu)也比較緊湊。工作中的行走部分的寬度小于割臺(tái)的寬度，不存在壓禾，拖禾的現(xiàn)象，收糧平臺(tái)設(shè)在收割機(jī)的右后側(cè)，莖桿從車的后方拋出，不會(huì)影響機(jī)器的連續(xù)作業(yè)。
在整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中充分考慮到性價(jià)比，選用價(jià)格低、性能穩(wěn)定的零部件。通過(guò)運(yùn)行試驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與設(shè)計(jì)要求基本一致，系統(tǒng)具有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。

[關(guān)鍵詞]氣流式;清選裝置;谷粒;流場(chǎng);歐拉模型;仿真
 
Design Grain Cleaning and Bagging of 4LZ-1200 Combine harvester

[total design] At present, Small combine cleaning device can be basically already self- sufficient at home. But due to the most part of the selected equipment, high price, heavy weight and high energy consumption, still unable to fully meet the requirements of small combined harvesters in market. Therefore developing the small harvester choose device has great significance to promote Chinese harvest grain quality, agricultural economic benefits and agricultural production modernization. The thesis developed a kind of small combine cleaner which has strong practicality, and good market prospects.
Based on introducing the states-of-art of seed cleaning device development at home and abroad, the significance and the market demand of the small-size combines cleaning device which is easy to operate, convenient to use and has the low price are analyzed. Having made the overall design plan of the system, the cleaning fan, transmission principle of the system are mainly researched and designed.
Cleaning device adopts straight blade fan; Transmission adopts V belt transmission, which has smooth transmission and structure of small size; The belt wheel has been taken the solid wheel. By further studying the basic physical characteristics of grain seeds, the relation be grain seeds in horizontal airflow was analyzed. After the boxed-pneumatic cleaning mechanism conservation equations of the cleaning flow field were determined. By means of Fluent software, the flow eulerian model was established, and the cleaning course was simulated. In virtue of the an possibility of the pneumatic cleaning mechanism used combine harvester was demonst.
The rice harvester for wheeled self-propelled full-feeding combine harvester, the machine is divided into walking part and reap part of the walking part of the four-type tractor in the form driver in the form of diesel front rear wheel drive, walking round the word rubber wheel, rear-wheel (driving wheel) made of rigid wheel with a special, monolithic friction clutch transmission power increase when walking on soil adhesion, engine to gearbox, transmission of the tractor transmission increase on the basis of the transmission ratio from the front-wheel steering, the steering wheel after the steering knuckle and steering joystick control steering, brake type brake by the double-ended tension belt axle brake. The power output shaft through the gearbox output. The first cantilever stretched about 0.5m for hanging harvester cutting table. Harvested in part by the cutter, auger, conveyor chains, threshing cylinder, concave-by-issued on round-by-document feeder and cleaning sieves, fans, spiral push transported to, and then the grain platform. Harvester cut by the cutter, auger composed of the upper end of two suspension to the first cantilever above the lower end by a hydraulic cylinder support frame above, you can adjust the level of cutting table, simply needs to be cut at a higher hydraulic cylinder support from the can. The design structure of the harvesters need to be grasped from the following aspects. The process is continuous, smooth. In the layout of the mutual position and dimensions of the working parts, in addition to consider the parameters of the balance of productivity of the working parts and components to determine, pay attention to the excessive transfer of parts of the design, to ensure uniform and continuous grain combine harvesters, to avoid the excessive parts and should not have losses. We must also try to compact the vehicle structure, this design take full account of the above, from the actual growth of the rice and the complexity of field operations for analysis, determined the structure of the reel size, speed, and its height above ground and location of auger, manual adjustment can fully meet a variety of lodging or growth of rice, compared to similar combine harvester, the car structure is also relatively compact. The width of the walking part of the work is less than the width of the cutting table, there is no pressure Wo, the phenomenon of drag Wo received food platform located in the right rear of the harvester, stem thrown from the rear of the car, does not affect the machine continuous operation.
During the whole design process, choosing the low price with steady performance for use are sufficiently considered. Through running test, the result of the test and designing requirements are unanimous basically, the system has better economic benefits and social benefit.

[KEYWORDS] pneumatic; cleaning mechanism; grain seeds; flow field; eulerian model; simulation

目 錄
1緒論 1
1.1課題提出的依據(jù)和意義 1
1.1.1課題研究依據(jù)和意義 1
1.1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2本課題研究的內(nèi)容和方法 2
1.2.1課題研究?jī)?nèi)容 2
1.2.2課題研究方法 3
2清選過(guò)程理論分析與研究 4
2.1谷物清選原理 4
2.1.1谷?；疚锢硖匦?nbsp;4
2.1.2水平氣流清選受力分析 4
2.1.3氣流式清選裝置的設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.2清選流場(chǎng)分析與數(shù)學(xué)模型 5
2.2.1清選流場(chǎng)分析 5
2.2.2歐拉模型 5
2.3計(jì)算過(guò)程與結(jié)果分析 6
2.3.1計(jì)算過(guò)程 6
2.3.2計(jì)算結(jié)果分析 7
2.4清選系統(tǒng)的選型 8
2.4.1清選機(jī)構(gòu)的類型及特點(diǎn) 8
2.4.2清選類型的選擇 10
2.5清選風(fēng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 10
2.5.1風(fēng)機(jī)的工作原理 10
2.5.2風(fēng)機(jī)性能參數(shù)的確定 11
2.5.3風(fēng)機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的確定 12
2.5.4葉片參數(shù)的確定 12
2.5.5風(fēng)扇的殼體 12
2.6傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 13
2.6.1傳送V帶的參數(shù)選擇 14
2.6.2帶輪材料的確定 16
2.6.3帶輪的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸 16
2.7結(jié)論 17
3出料口裝袋裝置設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.1出料口設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.2包裝袋夾持架設(shè)計(jì) 18
4總結(jié)與展望 19
4.1研究總結(jié) 19
4.2問(wèn)題與展望 19
[參考文獻(xiàn)] 20
致 謝 21