基于無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘要

空氣品質(zhì)對人的影響至關(guān)重要,利用傳感器檢測空氣質(zhì)量是當(dāng)今流行的一種方法,本文介紹了傳感器在空氣質(zhì)量檢測方面的原理應(yīng)用及監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)。
本系統(tǒng)采用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)來實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集與發(fā)送。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由部署在監(jiān)測區(qū)域內(nèi)大量的廉價(jià)微型傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成，通過無線通信方式形成一個多跳的自組織的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，其目的是協(xié)作地感知、采集和處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋區(qū)域中感知對象的信息，并發(fā)送給觀察者。
本設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)采用CC2430無線通信模塊、溫濕度傳感器DHT90、空氣質(zhì)量傳感器QS-01、電源模塊構(gòu)建無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，通過RS－232串口和監(jiān)控中心通信，使用軟件開發(fā)平臺IAR Embedded Workbench開發(fā)ZigBee協(xié)議棧，基于ZigBee的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)以低功耗、低成本、低復(fù)雜度等特點(diǎn)受到越來越多企業(yè)和個人的青睞。ZigBee技術(shù)特別適合于數(shù)據(jù)吞吐量小、網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)投資少、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全要求較高、不便頻繁更換電池或充電的場合。預(yù)計(jì)將在消費(fèi)類電子設(shè)備、家庭智能化、工控、醫(yī)用設(shè)備控制、農(nóng)業(yè)自動化等領(lǐng)域獲得廣泛應(yīng)用,利用ZigBee技術(shù)完成傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)和匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用程序，最終能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)空氣質(zhì)量的監(jiān)測。
關(guān)鍵字：無線傳感器；cc2430；DTH90；zigbee技術(shù)；空氣質(zhì)量檢測

ABSTRACT

Air quality impact on people is very important, using sensors to detect air quality is now a popular method, this paper introduces the sensor in air quality testing principle, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of gas sensor, and gas sensor development trend and prospects.
The system uses wireless sensor networks to achieve data’s collection and transmission. Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of low-cost micro-sensor nodes which are deployed in the monitoring region, uses wireless communication means to form a multi-hop's self-organizing network, with the aim of perception, collection and processing of perceived target information in the network coverage region, and send them to observers.
This system uses CC2430 wireless communication module ,temperature and humidity sensor DHT90, air quality sensor QS-01,power module to build wireless sensor networks, and uses RS－232 serial port to communicate with monitoring center .Use the software development platform IAR Embedded Workbench to develop ZigBee protocol stack. Based on the ZigBee wireless networking by low characteristics and so on power loss, low cost, low complexity receives more and more many enterprises and individual favor.The ZigBee technology suits specially in the data volume of goods handled small, the network construction invests few, the network security request is high, inconvenient replaces the battery or the charge situation frequently.The estimate in the expense class electronic installation, the family intellectualization, the labor will control, medical domains and so on device control, agricultural automation obtains the widespread application These can definitively achieve the purpose of air quality monitoring.
Keywords:wireless sensor;CC2430;DTH90;ZigBee technology;air quality testing

 
目錄

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 緒論 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 課題背景和研究意義 1
1.3 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究進(jìn)展 2
1.4 論文的研究內(nèi)容與組織結(jié)構(gòu) 4
2 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述 6
2.1 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡介 6
2.2 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)概述 6
2.3 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)特點(diǎn) 7
2.4 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用 10
2.5 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 10
2.6 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 12
3 空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.1 ZigBee技術(shù) 16
3.2 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.3 傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.3.1 節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu) 19
3.3.2 處理器和無線通信模塊HFZ－CC2430EM－22 20
3.3.2 傳感器模塊 22
3.4 匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 27
3.4.1 電源模塊 27
3.4.2 RS－232串口模塊 28
4空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 29
4.1 ZigBee協(xié)議 29
4.2 IAR開發(fā)環(huán)境介紹 30
4.3 傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.4 匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì) 33
5 系統(tǒng)測試與結(jié)果分析 35
5.1 測試方案 35
5.1.1 硬件測試 35
5.1.2 溫度采集及串口顯示測試 35
5.1.3 數(shù)據(jù)通信測試 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36
附錄C 部分程序 38
4.2.1 原語概念 44
4.2.2 建立新網(wǎng)絡(luò) 44
4.2.3 ZigBee設(shè)備加入網(wǎng)絡(luò)過程 45