摘 要
由于傳統(tǒng)汽車的能源和環(huán)境問題的日益突出，汽車是現(xiàn)代社會的重要交通工具，為人們提供了便捷、舒適的出行服務(wù)，然而傳統(tǒng)燃油車輛在使用過程中產(chǎn)生了大量的有害廢氣，并加劇了對不可再生石油的依賴。沒有環(huán)保就沒有汽車業(yè)的未來，電動汽車以其清潔和使用可再生資源的優(yōu)勢，使得對于電動汽車的研究、商業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)處于日漸重要的地位。
所謂的汽車轉(zhuǎn)向，即汽車在行駛的過程中，按照駕駛員的意志經(jīng)常改變其行駛方向。汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是汽車底盤的重要組成部分，轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)性能的好壞直接影響到汽車行駛的安全性，操縱穩(wěn)定性和駕駛舒適性。
本文的研究內(nèi)容即是微型電動汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，主要針對的是兩輪轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。利用相關(guān)汽車設(shè)計(jì)和連桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動學(xué)的知識，以齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向器的設(shè)計(jì)為中心，以滿足轉(zhuǎn)向器的正確傳動比和強(qiáng)度要求，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單緊湊，軸向尺寸短，且零件數(shù)目少的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，從而使汽車轉(zhuǎn)向穩(wěn)定性和靈敏性的優(yōu)化提升。此外，還對轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進(jìn)行了簡單分析。本文主要進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)向器齒輪齒條的設(shè)計(jì)和對轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪軸的校核，主要方法和理論采用汽車設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)參數(shù)和大學(xué)所學(xué)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的課程內(nèi)容進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，其結(jié)果滿足強(qiáng)度要求，安全可靠。

關(guān)鍵詞：電動汽車；轉(zhuǎn)向器；齒輪齒條；轉(zhuǎn)向梯形

ABSTRACT
Because of the traditional energy and environment problems have become increasingly prominent, car is an important traffic tool of modern society, to provide a convenient and comfortable travel service, however the traditional fuel vehicles in use process produces a large number of harmful gases, and enlarged the regeneration of not dependence on oil. Do not have the environmental protection is not the future of the auto industry, the electric car with its clean and use of renewable resources advantage, make for the electric car research, business and industry in increasingly important position.
The car turned, that is in the process of driving cars, according to the driver will often change their driving direction. The car turned to the system is an important part of the car chassis, steering system performance has a direct influence on the safety of the car, handling stability and driving comfort.
This paper the research content that is tiny electric car's steering system, mainly aims at is the two rounds of the steering mechanism. Using relevant car design and the kinematics of knowledge, and to the design of steering gear rack for the center, to meet the steering gear transmission ratio and the intensity of the right to request, and realize the steering gear simple and compact structure, short axial dimensions, and the advantages of the number of parts less, so that the vehicle steering stability and sensitivity of the optimization of the ascension. In addition, steering trapezoidal to have been analyzed. This paper focused on the design of steering gear rack of steering gear shaft of and, check the main method and theory of the car design experience in mechanical design parameters and the university curriculum content of learned to carry on the design, the result meet the required strength, safe and reliable.

Keywords: electric car; Steering gear; Super-modulus gear; Steering trapezoidal

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系述統(tǒng)概 1
1.2 轉(zhuǎn)向系的發(fā)展 1
第2章 汽車總體參數(shù)的確定 3
2.1 汽車主要尺寸的確定 4
2.2 汽車質(zhì)量參數(shù)的確定 4
2.3 汽車性能參數(shù)的確定 5
2.4 輪胎的選擇 5
2.5 電動機(jī)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.6 電池組容量設(shè)計(jì) 7
2.7 車輛質(zhì)量校核 8
第3章 轉(zhuǎn)向系設(shè)計(jì)概述 9
3.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求 9
3.2 轉(zhuǎn)向操縱機(jī)構(gòu) 10
3.3 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機(jī)構(gòu) 11
3.4 轉(zhuǎn)向器 11
3.5 轉(zhuǎn)向盤 12
3.6 轉(zhuǎn)向角 12
3.7 安全機(jī)構(gòu) 13
第4章 轉(zhuǎn)向系的主要性能參數(shù) 16
4.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系的效率 16
4.1.1 轉(zhuǎn)向器的正效率 16
4.1.2 轉(zhuǎn)向器的逆效率 17
4.2 傳動比變化特性 17
4.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系傳動比 17
4.2.2 力傳動比與轉(zhuǎn)向系角傳動比的關(guān)系 18
4.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器角傳動比的選擇 19
4.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動副的傳動間隙△T 19
4.4 轉(zhuǎn)向盤的總轉(zhuǎn)動圈數(shù) 20
第五章 機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向器方案分析及設(shè)計(jì) 21
5.1 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器 21
5.2 其他轉(zhuǎn)向器 23
5.3 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器布置和結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇 23
第六章 轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 25
6.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系計(jì)算載荷的確定 25
6.1.1 原地轉(zhuǎn)向阻力矩 25
6.1.2轉(zhuǎn)向盤手力 25
6.2 齒輪齒條設(shè)計(jì) 26
6.3 齒輪軸設(shè)計(jì) 28
6.4 齒條的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 29
6.4.1 齒條的受力分析 29
6.5 齒條的計(jì)算校核 30
6.6 小齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 31
6.6.1 齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 31
6.6.2齒輪齒跟彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 34

第七章 轉(zhuǎn)向梯形機(jī)構(gòu) 37
7.1 梯形機(jī)構(gòu)形式 37
7.1.1 整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形 37
7.1.2 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器轉(zhuǎn)向梯形 38
7.2 梯形機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù) 39
7.3 齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向器轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿的運(yùn)動分析 40
7.4 轉(zhuǎn)向傳送機(jī)構(gòu)的臂、桿與球銷 41
7.5 轉(zhuǎn)向拉桿的計(jì)算校核 41
7.6 球頭銷計(jì)算 43
第八章 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的布置安裝 45
第九章 基于ADVISOR的電動汽車動力性仿真分析 46
9.1軟件介紹 46
9.2ADVISOR純電動汽車仿真模型的建立 47
9.3 整車技術(shù)數(shù) 47
9.4仿真 48
9.5選擇（NEDC）城市+郊區(qū)道路工況 50
9.6仿真結(jié)果分析 52
結(jié)束語 53
致 謝 54
參考文獻(xiàn) 54
參考文獻(xiàn)
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[3] 王望予.汽車設(shè)計(jì)（第四版）.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2010
[4] 陳家..