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摘 要

糧食不僅是關(guān)系國(guó)家安定的戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)品，糧食安全更是保障國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)。糧食安全一直是關(guān)系著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)和諧安定和國(guó)家自主的全局性重大戰(zhàn)略問(wèn)題。一直以來(lái)，糧食儲(chǔ)藏問(wèn)題都是一個(gè)重要且復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。由于糧食在儲(chǔ)藏期間,受到季節(jié)、天氣、環(huán)境和通風(fēng)條件等因素的影響，糧倉(cāng)內(nèi)溫度和濕度可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)異常，導(dǎo)致糧食的霉?fàn)€、變質(zhì)，這將造成很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。我國(guó)是人口大國(guó)，糧食消耗數(shù)量巨大，全國(guó)糧庫(kù)眾多?？茖W(xué)合理的糧庫(kù)管理，將會(huì)為國(guó)家節(jié)約一筆相當(dāng)可觀的開(kāi)支。合理布置測(cè)溫點(diǎn)、測(cè)濕點(diǎn)是糧倉(cāng)管理的重點(diǎn)之一。經(jīng)常檢測(cè)溫濕度的變化，是及時(shí)調(diào)控溫濕度使糧食得以合理的儲(chǔ)藏的重要要求。
而西門子LOGO！的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于對(duì)環(huán)境要求較低，對(duì)溫濕度變化適應(yīng)度較高，工作狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定，因而適用于對(duì)糧倉(cāng)的感應(yīng)與控制。本文主要介紹了以西門子LOGO！為控制器，利用LOGO!內(nèi)部的PID控制器來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)溫濕度控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，并闡述了溫濕度傳感器在數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中必須注意的一些基本問(wèn)題，并且以軟硬件為核心，展開(kāi)了系統(tǒng)的分析。西門子LOGO！糧倉(cāng)溫濕度控制由感應(yīng)和調(diào)控兩大模塊組成，先由溫度、濕度傳感器以一定的頻率感應(yīng)采集到的糧倉(cāng)溫濕度，將采集的數(shù)據(jù)傳送到PID控制器，經(jīng)過(guò)處理后對(duì)溫濕度調(diào)節(jié)模塊發(fā)出命令，從而調(diào)節(jié)糧倉(cāng)溫濕度。本文詳細(xì)闡述了糧倉(cāng)控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理和構(gòu)架,并結(jié)合實(shí)例說(shuō)明其硬件組成和軟件編程,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。
關(guān)鍵詞：西門子LOGO； 糧倉(cāng)；溫濕度控制；PID調(diào)節(jié)。

Abstract
Food safety is the guarantee of social stability and foundation of economic growth. Grain storage has always been a complex and important issue. Due to environment, season, weather and wind conditions and other factors, the granary temperature or humidity may be abnormal, which might result in spoilage. China has huge population and large food consumption. Effective and efficient grain depot management might help save considerable expenses. Temperature and humidity measuring point arrangement is one of the important parts in the grain depot management. In order to store the grain properly, it is necessary to check and control the humidity from time to time.
The Siemens LOGO! System has the advantages of low environment requirement, high adaptation to the change of temperature and humidity as well as stable working state, which make it suitable for granary management. The paper mainly introduces the designing of temperature and humidity control system based on Siemens LOGO ！Controller and Join the PID regulation and expounds some basic problems occurred in the data conversion, which needs special attention and makes a systematic analysis at the core of software and hardware. The Siemens LOGO！Controlling system of granary temperature and humidity comprises of response and regulation. First the temperature and humidity sensors collect data of temperature and humidity with a certain frequency and send the data to the PID controller. After processing the data, the PID controller will send out proper command to the regulator module of temperature and humidity to make the appropriate adjustment. The paper elaborates the working principle and framework of granary control system, and explains the hardware and software programming combined with practical illustration, which has well achieved the expected effect.
Keywords: Siemens LOGO; Granary; temperature and humidity control; PID Regulation.

目 錄
1 自動(dòng)化糧倉(cāng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及趨勢(shì) 1
1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外糧倉(cāng)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.1 國(guó)內(nèi)糧食儲(chǔ)藏的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題 1
1.1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)糧倉(cāng)控制技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.3 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家自動(dòng)化糧倉(cāng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2 糧倉(cāng)環(huán)境控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 2
2 糧倉(cāng)溫濕度控制系統(tǒng)采取的控制方法 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)控制方案的選擇 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)研究、控制的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的選擇 3
2.3 采取的PID調(diào)節(jié)控制說(shuō)明 4
2.3.1 比例控制（P） 4
2.3.2 積分控制 4
2.3.3 微分作用說(shuō)明 5
2.3.4比例積分控制 5
3 糧倉(cāng)溫濕度控制系統(tǒng)概述 6
4 溫濕度控制系統(tǒng)主機(jī)及擴(kuò)展模塊選擇 7
4.1 西門子LOGO！及主要元部件介紹 7
4.1.1 西門子LOGO！簡(jiǎn)介 7
4.1.2 主機(jī)西門子LOGO！12/24RC 7
4.1.3 JCJ100F溫度變送器 7
4.1.4 JCJ100H1濕度傳感器 8
4.2 主機(jī)及擴(kuò)展模塊選擇 10
4.3 溫濕度傳感器選擇 10
5 溫濕度控制系統(tǒng)硬件構(gòu)成及I/O接口分配 11
5.1 I/O接口分配 11
5.2 控制機(jī)與外圍器件的連線 11
5.3 溫濕度調(diào)控設(shè)備的驅(qū)動(dòng) 11
5.3.1 降溫風(fēng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng) 12
5.3.2 除濕排氣扇的驅(qū)動(dòng) 12
6 溫度控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 13
6.1 溫控程序的設(shè)計(jì)分析 13
6.1.1 風(fēng)機(jī)的控制 15
6.1.2 PI控制參數(shù)的整定 17
6.2 濕度控制程序的設(shè)計(jì)分析 18
總 結(jié) 21
致 謝 22
參考文獻(xiàn) 23

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