51系列單片機教學實驗板硬件設計論文

51系列單片機教學實驗板硬件設計
摘  要
在全國高等院校電子信息類專業(yè)中，已普遍開設單片機及其相關課程。單片機課程是大中專院校電子類專業(yè)實踐性、應用性和工程性很強的專業(yè)基礎課或專業(yè)選修課。從加強學生能力培養(yǎng)的要求來看，這類課程僅在課堂上講授基本原理是不夠的，必須在教學中加強實踐環(huán)節(jié)，讓學生有足夠的實踐機會。其中，單片機實驗板就是一個很好的學習單片機的工具。
目前，市場上單片機實驗板的種類較多。此次設計的實驗板的特點是將各種單元電路合理的拼湊在一塊大印刷電路板上，構成一個有機的整體。設計中利用Protel99SE軟件先設計原理圖，然后進行元件封裝， PCB出圖，最后是制板。它與傳統(tǒng)的教學實驗板相比有如下的優(yōu)點：⑴價格低廉；⑵使用簡單方便，只要有帶RS232串口的PC機就能進行實驗；⑶功能全，基本上具備單片機常用的接口，如數模轉換、模數轉換、存儲器、LED數碼管顯示、鍵盤人機接口、串行接口、溫度傳感器接口等等。采用本仿真開發(fā)實驗板，可使初學者迅速掌握單片機原理及應用，熟悉匯編語言、單片機C語言。

關鍵詞：單片機；實驗板；接口電路；C語言
 
51 Series Single-chip Teaching Experimental Board
Hardware Design
Abstract
National institutions of higher learning in the professional category of electronic information, has generally been the creation of single-chip and its related programs.
Single-chip college is the course professional practice of electronic institutions, applied and engineering foundation for a strong professional or professional elective courses. From the requirements of students capacity-building perspective, such courses are taught only the basic principles of the classroom is not enough, we must strengthen the teaching practice, to allow sufficient opportunity to practice. Among them, single-chip experimental board is a good learning tool for the students. At present, more types of experimental plate in the single-chip market. The designed board is characterized by a variety of units circuit will be reasonable together on a large printed circuit board and then constitute an organic whole. The design make use of Protel99SE software to design schematic diagram, and then packaging components, PCB map, and finally the system board. It compared to the traditional teaching has the following advantages: ⑴ The prize cheap. ⑵ Use it simple, there is as long as RS232 serial port with the PC machines will be able to carry out such experiments. ⑶ Wide features, the board basically has the interface with commonly used single-chip, full-to-analog converter, analog-to-digital conversion, memory, LED digital display, keyboard man-machine interface, serial interface, temperature sensor interface and so on. The development of the use of the simulation experiment board, beginners can quickly grasp the principle and application of single-chip, and is familiar with assembly language, microcontroller C language. Beginners use the development of the simulation experiment board, can quickly grasp the principle and application of single-chip, and are familiar with assembly language, Single-chip C language.

Key words: microcomputer; experimental plate; interface circuit; C language
 
目  錄
摘  要 I
Abstract II
第一章 引   言 1
1.1 研究背景和意義 1
1.2研究現狀 2
1.3本文主要的研究工作 2
第二章 實驗板硬件電路設計 4
2.1 實驗板的MCU選型 4
2.1.1 單片機選型原則 4
2.1.2 AT89S51單片機簡介 5
2.2 實驗板總體簡介 8
2.2.1 單片機實驗教學功能 8
2.2.2 硬件總體邏輯結構 9
2.3 單片機最小系統(tǒng)的電路說明 9
2.4 模數轉換器ADC0809的接口電路 9
2.4.1 ADC0809 芯片及內部結構簡介 9
2.4.2信號引腳 9
2.4.3 MCS-51 單片機與ADC0809的接口 9
2.4.4 轉換數據的傳送 9
2.4數模轉換器DAC0832的接口電路 9
2.4.1 DAC0832 簡介 9
2.4.2 DAC0832的工作方式 9
2.4.3 電壓輸出電路的連接 9
2.4.4 DAC0832與單片機的連接 9
2.5數據/程序存儲器24C02 9
2.5.1.24C02芯片簡介 9
2.5.2 24C02與單片機的連接 9
2.6 并行接口芯片8255A的接口電路 9
2.6.1 8255A的基本特性 9
2.6.2 8255A的外部特性和內部結構 9
2.6.2.1外部引腳 9
2.6.2.2 8255內部結構 9
2.6.3 8255A的編程命令 9
2.7 LCD1602液晶顯示 9
2.7.1 LCD 1602的引腳圖 9
2.7.2 1602液晶顯示的指令命令 9
2.7.3 LCD1602與單片機的接口電路 9
2.8動態(tài)LED顯示與鍵盤 9
2.8.1數碼管的分類 9
2.8.2顯示接口簡介 9
2.8.2.1靜態(tài)顯示概念 9
2.8.2.2 動態(tài)顯示概念 9
2.8.3  動態(tài)顯示接口電路 9
2.9 鍵盤電路 9
2.9.1 鍵盤簡介 9
2.9.2 獨立式按鍵 9
2.9.2.1 獨立式按鍵結構 9
2.9.2.2 獨立式按鍵的軟件結構 9
2.9.3 矩陣式鍵盤的結構及原理 9
2.9.4 鍵盤的編碼 9
2.9.5 鍵盤的工作方式 9
2.9.5.1 定時掃描方式 9
2.9.5.2 中斷掃描方式 9
2.9.5.3 鍵盤電路 9
2.10 DS18B20溫度傳感器接口 9
2.10.1  DS18B20溫度傳感器簡介 9
2.10.2 DS18B20的特性。 9
2.10.3 DS18B20的外形和內部結構 9
2.10.4 DS1820與單片機的連接 9
2.11 RS-232串行接口 9
2.11.1 串行通信基本原理 9
2.11.1.1異步串行通信的字符格式 9
2.11.1.2串行通信的傳送速率 9
2.11.2  RS－232C總線標準 9
2.11.3 單片機串口通訊的硬件電路 9
2.12 實驗板蜂鳴器驅動電路 9
2.14 實驗板PCB設計 9
第三章 實驗板軟件設計及調試 9
3.1實驗板流水燈程序 9
3.2實驗板A/D采樣程序 9
3.3實驗板串口程序 9
第四章 設計總結 9
參考文獻 9
附錄A 9
附錄B 9
附錄C 9
附錄D 9
附錄E 9
附錄F 9
致  謝 9