單片機在自動微灌溉控制器中的應(yīng)用設(shè)計

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摘 要

本論文詳細地論述了由單片機為處理器的自動微灌溉控制器的硬件、軟件設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)編程和抗干擾設(shè)計等方面的問題。本控制器以ATMEL公司的AT89C51單片機為核心，由傳感器，信號處理電路，鍵盤、顯示電路，輸出控制電路，故障報警電路等構(gòu)成。它能實現(xiàn)多路數(shù)據(jù)采集、多路控制信號輸出，通過傳感器自動檢測土壤水分實現(xiàn)自動閉環(huán)控制和預(yù)編定時程序的時間控制等多種自動灌溉控制方式，并具有土壤水分超出設(shè)定范圍自動報警功能。
硬件方面，土壤含水量的測量采用先進的HM1500電容式水分傳感器；A/D轉(zhuǎn)換采用了ADC0809芯片；鍵盤、顯示分別采用了獨立式按鍵和LED顯示塊；故障報警選用了壓電式蜂鳴器；輸出控制電路由三極管、光電耦合器、繼電器、電磁閥等組成。軟件設(shè)計采取了流行的模塊化編程方法，軟件程序的開發(fā)全部采用了C51高級語言。主要包含的程序有：主程序；鍵盤掃描子程序；A/D采樣子程序；定時設(shè)定子程序等。同時，在軟、硬件設(shè)計時均采取了有效的抗干擾措施。
經(jīng)過實驗室的連續(xù)調(diào)試實驗證明：該控制器具有可靠性高、功能強等特點，有著廣闊的開發(fā)應(yīng)用前景。另外，本文對整個自動灌溉控制系統(tǒng)今后的進一步發(fā)展和完善提出了幾點建議。

關(guān)鍵詞：單片機；微灌；自動控制

The design and application of single chip microprocessor in automatic microirrigation controller

Abstract

The hardware layout and software development for single chip microprocessor automatic micro-irrigation controller and system programming were presented in detail in this paper. Based on the AT89C51 single chip microprocessor, the whole system consists of soil moisture sensors, signal transfer circuit, keyboard and monitor display circuit, out port control circuit, malfunction alarm circuit as well as system software. This controller could control multi-input and multi-output. It could work in several ways such as closed loop control with sensors, opened loop control based on the preset timing program. In addition, it had automatic alarm function when the soil moisture exceeded the preset range.
As far as the hardware design was concerned, here chose the HM1500 capacitive moisture sensor as the soil moisture sensor, ADC0809 as the A/D conversion, independent key as the keyboard, LED display unit as the monitor display and chose the simple piezoelectric buzzer as the malfunction alarm device. The out port control circuit was composed of AT89C51，triode, photoelectric coupler, relay, electromagnetic valve and so on. The software designing adopted the popular modularized structure. The development of software programs applied C51 language entirely. The primary programs were main program, keyboard scanning subroutine, A/D sampling subroutine, timer presetting subroutine. Meanwhile, the efficient anti-interference measures were adopted during the design of the hardware and software.
The successive debug experiments proved that controller was characterized by high reliability, capable control function. The system had a bright prospect for development and application. In addition, suggestions about further development and improvement of the irrigation controller were made in this paper.
Key words: single chip microprocessor；micro-irrigation；automatic control


目 錄
摘要
Abstract
1 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 水資源的流失 1
1.1.2 節(jié)水灌溉的必然趨勢 1
1.2 微灌技術(shù)國內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢 1
1.2.1 微灌技術(shù)的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用 1
1.2.2 微灌自動化技術(shù)國內(nèi)外對比 2
1.3 研究目的和意義 2
1.4 設(shè)計的任務(wù)和要求 3
2 微灌系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 4
2.1 傳統(tǒng)微灌系統(tǒng)的介紹 4
2.2 自動化微灌系統(tǒng)的介紹 4
2.3 微灌灌水技術(shù)的簡介 4
2.3.1 微灌灌溉制度的選定 5
2.3.2 微灌水量分布均勻性分析 5
3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 7
3.1 傳感器的選用 7
3.1.1 土壤水分傳感器的確定 7
3.1.2 HM1500的性能參數(shù)介紹 7
3.1.4 HM1500在田間的位置確定 8
3.2 單片機的選用 8
3.2.1 單片機的概況 8
3.2.2 AT89C51單片機性能介紹 9
3.3 系統(tǒng)的電路設(shè)計 13
3.3.1 電路設(shè)計的總體方案 13
3.3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的介紹 13
3.3.3 顯示電路的介紹 15
3.3.4 輸出控制電路設(shè)計 16
3.3.5 故障報警電路設(shè)計 18
3.3.6 鍵盤接口電路設(shè)計 18
4 數(shù)據(jù)處理 22
4.1 數(shù)學(xué)模型與標(biāo)定 22
4.2 數(shù)字濾波算法 22
5 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 24
5.1 主程序設(shè)計 24
5.2 鍵盤掃描子程序設(shè)計 24
5.3 實時時鐘中斷與控制功能的完成 24
5.3.1 傳感器自動閉環(huán)控制功能的實現(xiàn) 29
5.3.2 時間灌溉控制功能的實現(xiàn) 29
6 結(jié)論 32
參考文獻
附錄
致謝

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