摘 要

在當(dāng)今大規(guī)模制造業(yè)中，企業(yè)為提高生產(chǎn)效率，保障產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，普遍重視生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的自動(dòng)化程度，工業(yè)機(jī)器人作為自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線上的重要成員，逐漸被企業(yè)所認(rèn)同并采用。工業(yè)機(jī)器人的技術(shù)水平和應(yīng)用程度在一定程度上反映了一個(gè)國(guó)家工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的水平，目前，工業(yè)機(jī)器人主要承擔(dān)著焊接、噴涂、搬運(yùn)以及堆垛等重復(fù)性并且勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度極大的工作，工作方式一般采取示教再現(xiàn)的方式。
本文將設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)四自由度的工業(yè)機(jī)器人，用于給沖壓設(shè)備運(yùn)送物料。首先，本文將設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人的底座、大臂、小臂和機(jī)械手的結(jié)構(gòu)，然后選擇合適的傳動(dòng)方式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，搭建機(jī)器人的結(jié)構(gòu)平臺(tái)；在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文將設(shè)計(jì)該機(jī)器人的控制系統(tǒng)，包括數(shù)據(jù)采集卡和伺服放大器的選擇、反饋方式和反饋元件的選擇、端子板電路的設(shè)計(jì)以及控制軟件的設(shè)計(jì)，重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)控制軟件的可靠性和機(jī)器人運(yùn)行過(guò)程的安全性，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)包括：關(guān)節(jié)的伺服控制和制動(dòng)問(wèn)題、實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)器人的各個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況、機(jī)器人的示教編程和在線修改程序、設(shè)置參考點(diǎn)和回參考點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)器人，示教編程，伺服，制動(dòng)









ABSTRACT

In the modern large-scale manufacturing industry, enterprises pay more attention on the automation degree of the production process in order to enhance the production efficiency, and guarantee the product quality. As an important part of the automation production line, industrial robots are gradually approved and adopted by enterprises. The technique level and the application degree of industrial robots reflect the national level of the industrial automation to some extent, currently, industrial robots mainly undertake the jops of welding, spraying, transporting and stowing etc. , which are usually done repeatedly and take high work strength, and most of these robots work in playback way.
In this paper I will design an industrial robot with four DOFs, which is used to carry material for a punch. First I will design the structure of the base, the big arm, the small arm and the end manipulator of the robot, then choose proper drive method and transmission method, building the mechanical structure of the robot. On this foundation, I will design the control system of the robot, including choosing DAQ card, servo control, feedback method and designing electric circuit of the terminal card and control software. Great attention will be paid on the reliability of the control software and the robot safety during running. The aims to realize finally include: servocontrol and brake of the joint, monitoring the movement of each joint in realtime, playback programming and modifying the program online, setting reference point and returning to reference point.

KEY WORDS: robot, playback, servocontrol, brake






目 錄
第1章 緒論…………………………………………………………………… 3
1.1 機(jī)器人概述…………………………………………………………… 4
1.2 機(jī)器人的歷史、現(xiàn)狀………………………………………………… 4
1.3 機(jī)器人的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)…………………………………………………… 4
第2章 機(jī)器人實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)介紹及機(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)……………3
2.1自由度及關(guān)節(jié)…………………………………………………………… 4
2.2 基座及連桿…………………………………………………………… 4
2.2.1 基座……………………………………………………………… 7
2.2.2 大臂……………………………………………………………… 7
2.2.3 小臂……………………………………………………………… 7
2.3 機(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………4
2.4 驅(qū)動(dòng)方式…………………………………………………………………4
2.5 傳動(dòng)方式…………………………………………………………………4
2.6 制動(dòng)器……………………………………………………………………4
第3章 控制系統(tǒng)硬件……………………………………………………………4
3.1 控制系統(tǒng)模式的選擇……………………………………………………4
3.2 控制系統(tǒng)的搭建……………………………………………………… 4
3.2.1 工控機(jī)……………………………………………………………4
3.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡………………………………………………………4
3.2.3 伺服放大器………………………………………………………4
3.2.4 端子板…………………………………………………………… 4
3.2.5電位器及其標(biāo)定………………………………………………… 4
3.2.6電源……………………………………………………………… 4
第4章 控制系統(tǒng)軟件………………………………………………………… 4
4.1預(yù)期的功能…………………………………………………………… 4
4.2 實(shí)現(xiàn)方法………………………………………………………………4
4.2.1實(shí)時(shí)顯示各個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)角及運(yùn)動(dòng)范圍控制 ………………………4
4.2.2直流電機(jī)的伺服控制………………………………………………4
4.2.3電機(jī)的自鎖…………………………………………………………4
4.2.4示教編程及在線修改程序…………………………………………4
4.2.5設(shè)置參考點(diǎn)及回參考點(diǎn)……………………………………………4
第5章 總結(jié)……………………………………………………………………… 4
5.1 所完成的工作………………………………………………………… 4
5.2 設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)……………………………………………………………… 4
5.3 誤差分析……………………………………………………………… 4
5.4 可以繼續(xù)探索的方向………………………………………………… 4
致 謝…………………..