基于單片機(jī)的交通燈系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
目錄
摘要……………………………………………………………1
引 言2
1 單片機(jī)概述 2
2 芯片簡(jiǎn)介 3
2.1 MSC-51芯片簡(jiǎn)介 3
2.2 8255芯片簡(jiǎn)介 4
2.2.1 74LS373簡(jiǎn)介 4
3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 5
3.1 交通管理的方案論證 5
3.2 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 5
3.2.1 系統(tǒng)總框圖如下 6
3.2.2 交通燈硬件線路圖............................. . . . ........ 6
3.2.3 系統(tǒng)工作原理 7
4 控制器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 7
4.1 每秒鐘的設(shè)定 7
4.2 計(jì)數(shù)器硬件延時(shí) 8
4.2.1 計(jì)數(shù)器初值計(jì)算 9
4.2.2 計(jì)算公式 10
4.2.3 １秒的方法 11
4.2.4 相應(yīng)程序代碼 12
4.3 軟件延時(shí) 13
4.4 時(shí)間及信號(hào)燈的顯示 14
4.4.1 8051并行口的擴(kuò)展 15
4.4.2 顯示原理 16
4.4.3 8255PA口輸出信號(hào)接信號(hào)燈 16
4.4.4 8255輸出信號(hào)與數(shù)碼管的連接 16
4.4.5 8255與8051的連接 17
4.5程序設(shè)計(jì) 18
4.5.1 流程圖如圖所示 18
4.5.2 程序源代碼 18
結(jié)論 22
參考文獻(xiàn)........ . .................................. . ...........23

摘要:
近年來(lái)隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用正在不斷深入，同時(shí)帶動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)控制檢測(cè)技術(shù)日益更新。在實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和自動(dòng)控制的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中，單片機(jī)往往作為一個(gè)核心部件來(lái)使用，僅單片機(jī)方面知識(shí)是不夠的，還應(yīng)根據(jù)具體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)軟硬件結(jié)合，加以完善。
十字路口車輛穿梭，行人熙攘，車行車道，人行人道，有條不紊。那么靠什么來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這井然秩序呢？靠的就是交通信號(hào)燈的自動(dòng)指揮系統(tǒng)。交通信號(hào)燈控制方式很多。本系統(tǒng)采用MSC-51系列單片機(jī)ATSC51和可編程并行I/O接口芯片8255A為中心器件來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)交通燈控制器，實(shí)現(xiàn)了能根據(jù)實(shí)際車流量通過(guò)8051芯片的P1口設(shè)置紅、綠燈燃亮?xí)r間的功能；紅綠燈循環(huán)點(diǎn)亮，倒計(jì)時(shí)剩5秒時(shí)黃燈閃爍警示（交通燈信號(hào)通過(guò)PA口輸出，顯示時(shí)間直接通過(guò)8255的PC口輸出至雙位數(shù)碼管）；車輛闖紅燈報(bào)警；綠燈時(shí)間可檢測(cè)車流量并可通過(guò)雙位數(shù)碼管顯示。本系統(tǒng)實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、操作簡(jiǎn)單、擴(kuò)展功能強(qiáng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)， 交通燈， 闖紅燈，檢測(cè)車流量
abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the application of SCM is unceasingly thorough, while traditional control testing technology is updated. In real-time detection and automatic control of single-chip microcomputer application system, often used as a core component, knowledge is not only the MCU, still should according to specific hardware structure, software and hardware, the perfect combination.
Pedestrian crossing transports, bustling, garage, pedestrian humanitarian, orderly driveway. So what to realize it in order? The traffic light automatic command system. Traffic light control many ways. This system USES MSC - 51 series microcontroller ATSC51 and programmable parallel the I/O devices for the center 8255A interface chip to design the controller, lights, can according to actual traffic through the 8051 chips red, green, P1 mouth setting time function; the depth Traffic light, circulation for 5 seconds remaining countdown yellow lights flashing warning (when the traffic signal output by mouth that time, PA directly through the mouth 8255 PC output to double a digital tube), Traffic police; red Green time can be detected by double bits of cars and digital tube display. This system is practical, simple operation and function expansion.

Keywords: red lights, SCM, traffic, detection