共42頁，字數(shù)總計：19352
摘 要
隨著經(jīng)濟全球化的不斷發(fā)展與深入，人類對能源的需求已經(jīng)引發(fā)了能源危機和環(huán)境污染。可再生能源受到了各國的廣泛重視。近年來，太陽能以其清潔、分布普遍和資源量大的優(yōu)點，成為世界關注的焦點。光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器作為光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電的重要裝置，其拓撲結構和控制算法的設計成為當下研究的重點。本論文在此背景下，對并網(wǎng)逆變器進行了深入的研究，在此基礎上設計了基于TI公司生產(chǎn)的TMS320F240數(shù)字信號處理器（DSP）芯片的800W微型光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)逆變器。
本文首先分析了現(xiàn)有光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的主回路拓撲結構，在此基礎上采用無變壓器絕緣的兩級他拓撲結構，然后分析了前級Boost電路和后級的全橋逆變電路工作原理。其次，分析了太陽能電池的模型及輸出特性，比較了一些常用的最大功率點跟蹤（MPPT）控制方法，確定了本論文采用擾動觀測法來實現(xiàn)MPPT，并針對本文設計的兩級拓撲結構的微型逆變器提出了最大功率點跟蹤控制的實現(xiàn)過程。再次，闡述了孤島效應產(chǎn)生的原因及危害，并對孤島效應的一些檢測方法進行了比較，采用了周期性擾動正反饋頻率漂移(AFDPF)孤島檢測方法。
根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的整體控制方案，本文最后給出了光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器硬件設計，并在理論分析的基礎上，分別對太陽能光伏電池、最大功率點跟蹤控制進行了仿真，部分驗證了本文所設計的光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的可行性。

關鍵詞：太陽能；光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器；最大功率點跟蹤；孤島檢測
Abstract
With the development of economic globalization and industry，the human demand for energy has led to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Now renewable energy resources are researched by many countries. In the green renewable energy，because of its clean，distribution in general and large storage，solar energy has became a hotspot in the world. Photovoltaic inverter is an important device for photovoltaic power generation system, its topology and control algorithm have became a research hotpot in photovoltaic applications area. Under this background, grid-connected inverter is deeply researched in this paper. On this basis, the 800W micro-photovoltaic inverter based on TMS320F240 is designed.
Firstly, on the basis of in analyzing the existing photovoltaic inverter topology, a non-transformer insulation and two-level topology is proposed; in which the principles of Boost circuit and full-bridge circuit are described. Then it analyses the PV array model and its output characteristics, and compares some usually used maximum power point tracking(MPPT)methods. A perturbation and observation method was used in this system. The control strategy of MPPT in two stages structure inverter is given in this paper. Islanding effect should be well solved in grid-connected photovoltaic system. This paper presents the meanings and the criterion of the island effect, shows causations of islanding effect happened, analyses the active and passive detecting methods separately, an improved AFDPF which has a period current disturbance within the normal fluctuate of grid frequency is used in this system.
By deep analysis and research, the design of the hardware and software control flow graph of the whole system is introduced in detail. Using existing laboratory conditions were part of the debugging, and the result of the experiments validated the feasibility of the grid-connected photovoltaic system designed in this thesis.

Key Words: solar energy；grid-connected PV inverter；MPPT；islanding detection
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1緒論 1
1.1光伏發(fā)電的背景及意義 1
1.1.1世界能源狀況 1
1.1.2 太陽能光伏發(fā)電的廣闊前景及發(fā)展趨勢 2
1.2 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 3
1.2.1光伏發(fā)電工作原理及分類 3
1.2.2光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的關鍵技術 4
1.3本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容 5
2 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的總體結構設計 7
2.1并網(wǎng)逆變器的分類與拓撲結構 7
2.1.1并網(wǎng)逆變器的分類 7
2.1.2逆變器的拓撲結構 7
2.1.3光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的總體設計方案 9
2.2系統(tǒng)工作原理 10
2.2.1前級Boost電路工作原理 10
2.2.2后級單相全橋逆變器的工作原理 11
3并網(wǎng)逆變器關鍵技術 12
3.1光伏陣列最大功率點跟蹤 12
3.1.1 光伏電池的原理 12
3.1.2 太陽能光伏電池的最大功率輸出跟蹤策略 12
3.1.3變步長擾動觀察法的實現(xiàn) 13
3.2孤島效應檢測方法研究 15
3.2.1孤島效應及其危害 15
3.2.2周期擾動AFDPF方法 16
4基于DSP的光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器硬件設計實現(xiàn) 19
4.1光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的性能指標與技術參數(shù) 19
4.1.1性能指標 19
4.1.2技術參數(shù) 19
4.2主電路設計 20
4.2.1 Boost電路主要參數(shù)設計 20
4.2.2逆變電路主要參數(shù)設計 22
4.2.3驅動電路設計 24
4.2.4控制電路設計 25
5系統(tǒng)仿真與實驗 27
5.1 MATLAB軟件簡介 27
5.2 仿真波形 27
5.2.1電流跟蹤型逆變器仿真 27
5.2.2光伏電池的輸出特性仿真 29
5.2.3帶有最大功率點跟蹤的DC-DC電路仿真 30
結 論 34
致 謝 35
參考文獻 36