光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)逆變技術(shù)應(yīng)用研究畢業(yè)論文


摘  要
　　  由于全球能源的逐漸緊張和環(huán)境污染的日益嚴(yán)重，清潔的可再生的太陽能越來越受到人們是重視。
　　太陽能既是一次能源，又是可再生能源。它資源豐富，既可免費(fèi)使用，又無需運(yùn)輸，對(duì)環(huán)境無任何污染。為人類創(chuàng)造了一種新的生活形態(tài)，使社會(huì)及人類進(jìn)入一個(gè)節(jié)約能源減少污染的時(shí)代。
　　光伏板組件是一種暴露在陽光下便會(huì)產(chǎn)生直流電的發(fā)電裝置，由幾乎全部以半導(dǎo)體物料(例如硅)制成的薄身固體光伏電池組成。由于沒有活動(dòng)的部分，故可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間操作而不會(huì)導(dǎo)致任何損耗。簡(jiǎn)單的光伏電池可為手表及計(jì)算機(jī)提供能源，較復(fù)雜的光伏系統(tǒng)可為房屋提供照明，并為電網(wǎng)供電。
　　我們主要研究光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的逆變電路而其中的電壓型單相全橋逆變電路是我們所要詳細(xì)研究的對(duì)象，.而其中本論文會(huì)涉及最大功率跟蹤及PWM控制技術(shù)
　　全橋逆變電路克服了推挽電路的缺點(diǎn)，功率晶體管調(diào)節(jié)輸出脈沖寬度，輸出交流電壓的有效值即隨之改變。由于該電路具有續(xù)流回路，即使對(duì)感性負(fù)載，輸出電壓波形也不會(huì)畸變。
　　幾種逆變器的主電路均需要有控制電路來實(shí)現(xiàn)一般有方波和正弱波兩種控制方式，方波輸出的逆變電源電路簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，但效率低，諧波成份大。正弦波輸出是逆變器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，隨著微電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，有ＰＷＭ功能的微處理器也已問世，因此正弦波輸出的逆變技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟。
　　
　　
關(guān)鍵詞：太陽能；光伏系統(tǒng)；逆變器技術(shù)；正弦波輸出

Solar Photovoltaic System Inverter Applications
LEE Zhi-shun
Abstract
　　Due to tight global energy and environmental pollution gradually growing, clean, renewable solar energy more and more people are seriously.
　　Solar energy is the first time, but also renewable energy. It is rich in resources, can use free of charge, and without transportation, without any pollution to the environment. For mankind to create a new life, so that social and human energy into a era of reducing pollution.
　　Is a component of photovoltaic panels in the sun exposure will generate direct current power generation devices, from virtually all semiconductor materials (eg silicon) are made of thin photovoltaic cells composed of solid. Because there is no part of activity, and would thus be a long time operation would not lead to any loss. Simple photovoltaic cells for watches and computers to provide energy, and more complex PV systems to provide lighting for the housing and power supply.
　　we almost go deeply into the source inverter in PV systems，and the Voltage Single-Phase Full-Bridge Controlled Rectifier is the most important simple for us to research, as thus it will relate to MPPT and PWM controller technology,
　　The bridge has push-pull inverter circuit to overcome the shortcoming, power transistor circuits of the output pulse width adjustment; the output voltage of the RMS is changed. Because of this circuit has free-wheeling loop, even to the perceptual load, the output voltage waveform nor distortion. This circuit faults is under the arm, bridge, no power transistor must therefore be adopted by isolating circuit or special driving power.
　　These kinds of inverter circuit are needed to control circuit, general square wave and are weak wave two control mode, the output pulse inverter circuit is simple, low cost, low efficiency, harmonic components. Sine wave output is the development trend of the inverter, along with the development of microelectronics technology, PWM function of micro processor is also available, so the sinusoidal output inverter technology has matured.

Key word：Solar energy; PV systems; the technology of inverter; Sine wave output

目  錄
１．緒論.................................................．．...．．．．.....1
　　1.1光伏電池的歷史及其工作原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１
　　1.2光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的國(guó)外與國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２
　　1.3光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)形式．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．３
　　1.4光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中逆變器的架構(gòu)及類型（單相）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．４
　　1.5所涉及的逆變器控制技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６
２．光伏系統(tǒng)的組成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６
　　2.1光伏系統(tǒng)的中逆變器及控制電路的器件．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．６
　　2.2光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的模擬電路圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．７
３．光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的工作原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．７
　　3.1電壓型單相全橋逆變電路分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．７
　　3.2濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．９
　　3.3工頻隔離變壓器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．９
　　3.4控制電路-----PWM逆變電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１０
４．PWM型逆變電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１０
　　4.1PWM控制算法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１０
　　4.2PWM控制方式．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１１
　　4.3PWM調(diào)制方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１３
　　4.4本設(shè)計(jì)的主要電路及其分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１３
　　　　　4.4.1交流采樣電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１３
　　　　　4.4.2采樣信號(hào)輸入與控制信號(hào)的輸出．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１４
　　　　　4.4.3TLC5615的信號(hào)控制．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１５
　　　　　4.4.4PWM波形信號(hào)處理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１６
　　　　4.4.5逆變電路的IGBT控制．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１７
　　　　4.4.6反饋信號(hào)的處理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１７
５．軟件部分及結(jié)論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１９
　　5.1MCS-51單片機(jī)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１９
　　5.2主程序流程圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２１
　　5.3SPWM波生成．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２１
　　5.4電路中頻率與相位的控制．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２２
總結(jié)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２２
參考文獻(xiàn)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２４
致謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２５
附錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．２６