論文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)WORD格式排版55頁(yè)

摘要
本文詳細(xì)介紹了一種基于單片機(jī)的超聲測(cè)距系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)以空氣中超聲波的傳播速度為確定條件,利用反射超聲波測(cè)量待測(cè)距離。在介紹了單片機(jī)性能和特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了超聲波測(cè)距的發(fā)展及基本原理，介紹了傳感器的原理及特性。由此提出了系統(tǒng)的總體構(gòu)成。然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹了利用51系列單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)距儀的原理:單片機(jī)發(fā)出的超聲波，通過(guò)換能器發(fā)射出去，遇到被測(cè)物體后反射回來(lái)，計(jì)算此超聲波從發(fā)射出到接受的時(shí)間差從而得出被測(cè)物體到測(cè)距儀的距離。針對(duì)測(cè)距系統(tǒng)發(fā)射、接收、檢測(cè)、顯示部分的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案做了論證。給出了系統(tǒng)的硬件原理圖和軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)框圖。

關(guān)鍵詞:單片機(jī),超聲波,測(cè)距

吀梔攀 Design of System for Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Using MCU
Abstract
The thesis introduces a kind of single-pulse-reflection ultrasonic distance meter system in detail based on single chip processor. The system could measure certain distance on the premise that the speed of reflected wave in the air is fixed. Based on the study of single chip processor, this paper summarizes the development and fundamental principle of ultrasonic detection. Then it presents the theory and characters of ultrasonic sensor. Moreover, it proposes the whole structure of the system by introducing the function of ultrasonic distance meter. Then this paper introduces the principle of distance一measuring一device which is designed with the single chip Processor of 51series. This principle is based on the ultrasonic measure which is calculated by the time used by ultrasonic traveling from the target. And then the transmission, receiver, detection, display scheme of this distance meter system are brought out. This paper presents the design of the Circuit and debug of the ultrasonic distance sensor.

Key words: single-chip processor, ultrasonic, distance- measurement

目錄

1 緒論1
1.1 課題背景1
1.2 超聲波檢測(cè)綜述1
1.2.1 超聲波檢測(cè)的發(fā)展1
1.2.2 超聲波檢測(cè)簡(jiǎn)介3
1.3 單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介4
1.4超聲波簡(jiǎn)介5
2 超聲波測(cè)距儀的總體構(gòu)想7
2.1 超聲波測(cè)距的原理7
2.2 常見(jiàn)的測(cè)距法7
2.3 超聲波傳感器8
2.3.1 超聲波傳感器的原理及結(jié)構(gòu)8
2.3.2超聲波傳感器的特性10
2.4 系統(tǒng)主要參數(shù)的確定11
2.4.1 測(cè)距儀的工作頻率11
2.4.2 聲速12
2.4.3 發(fā)射脈沖寬度12
2.4.4 測(cè)量盲區(qū)13
3 單片機(jī)基本原理15
3.1 單片機(jī)的組成15
3.2 單片機(jī)指令系統(tǒng)與匯編語(yǔ)言程序18
3.3 中斷系統(tǒng)的基本原理與操作方式21
3.3.1中斷系統(tǒng)的基本組成22
3.3.2中斷系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用22
4 超聲波測(cè)距儀的硬件設(shè)計(jì)25
4.1 超聲波發(fā)射電路25
4.2 超聲波檢測(cè)接收電路26
4.2.1 集成電路CX20106A簡(jiǎn)介26
4.2.2 接收電路圖27
4.3 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)及顯示電路28
5 超聲波測(cè)距儀的軟件設(shè)計(jì)30
5.1 超聲波測(cè)距儀的算法設(shè)計(jì)30
5.2 主程序30
5.3 超聲波發(fā)射中斷程序32
5.4 超聲波接收中斷程序33
5.5 顯示子程序34
5.6 距離計(jì)算子程序35
6 總結(jié)37
參考文獻(xiàn)38
附錄39
致謝51