資源包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DOC格式正文共54頁
摘 要
以單片機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)，從最簡單的數(shù)控到最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控，對(duì)數(shù)控作一系統(tǒng)地演示，完成簡易數(shù)控繪圖功能。本系統(tǒng)單機(jī)運(yùn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)基本的數(shù)控思想;系統(tǒng)與思想。讓學(xué)生對(duì)數(shù)控技術(shù)和數(shù)控知識(shí)有一系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)，徹底理解、掌握數(shù)控思想。

系統(tǒng)單機(jī)運(yùn)行及與PC機(jī)聯(lián)機(jī)運(yùn)行。按照從PC機(jī)上接收到的信息完成任務(wù)。該系統(tǒng)配備了兩套與PC機(jī)的通信接口，即并口和串口通信。以實(shí)驗(yàn)條件和方便為宜選擇其一。在單機(jī)運(yùn)行的情況下以十進(jìn)制BCD拔盤作為輸入設(shè)備，既符合人們的認(rèn)知習(xí)慣又簡捷直觀。并配有七段數(shù)碼管顯示器，以便在執(zhí)行的過程中顯示運(yùn)行狀況。以軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)插補(bǔ)，送出進(jìn)給脈沖驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)行，并經(jīng)機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)換裝置轉(zhuǎn)換為X, Y兩軸構(gòu)成的平面繪圖系統(tǒng)。并探討了一種均勻脈沖插補(bǔ)方法。
關(guān)鍵字:數(shù)控 單片機(jī) 步進(jìn)電機(jī) 通信 插補(bǔ) 顯示

Abstract
Displaying the NC by the numbers based on SCM from the simplest NC to
the advantest CNC to realize the NC plotting function. The radical NC thought realized by this system itself running: CNC thought realized by its running liked with PC. Let students have a systemic congnition to NC technician knowledge completely understand and mast the NC thought.
The system runs singly also acts as the information getting from PC while linked with PC. This system was equipped two sets of communication interface with PC, the serial and parallel interface, select one of them according to the experiment condition and convenience. The system runs by itself, its inputting device is decimal BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal notation) code turn plate because the device not only according with people' s cognitive habit but concise and intuitionist. The system equipped with display—seven fragments LED( Low Emitting Diode)，displaying the working state while system running. The feeding pulse，send out from the software interpolation to drive step electric motor，and transformed through the machine transform device to make up of two coordinates (X and Y) plane .plotting system. In addition，probing into a kind of the even pulse interpolation method.

Key Words: number control(NC)，single chip microprocessor(SCM)，step
electric motor，communication, interpolation，display

目 錄
1 綜述 5
1. 1計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的基本概念 5
1. 1. 1概述 5
1.2數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的組成 9
1.2.1計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的組成 9
1.3計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的硬件 11
1.3.1 NC裝置的硬件構(gòu)成 11
1.3.2增強(qiáng)并行口EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) 12
2.步進(jìn)電機(jī) 14
2.1經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床特點(diǎn) 14
2. 2經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的種類 15
2. 3步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理及特性 16
2. 4步進(jìn)電機(jī)的分類 16
2. 5步進(jìn)電機(jī)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)與特性 17
2.6步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制方法 18
2.7 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng) 19
2.8經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控技術(shù)中微機(jī)運(yùn)用及其接口技術(shù) 21
2.8.1. ATMEL.89C51單片計(jì)算機(jī) 21
2.8.2微機(jī)數(shù)控中的接口技術(shù) 22
3 繪圖儀系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 25
3. l 繪圖儀數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制流程圖 25
3. 3數(shù)據(jù)輸入 27
3. 3. 1輸入工具 27
3. 3. 2 BCD碼拔盤接口 28
3. 4輸入方法設(shè)計(jì) 29
3. 4. 1工作系統(tǒng)分析 29
3. 4. 2特征字設(shè)計(jì) 30
3. 4. 3輸入法示例說明 31
3. 4. 4程序中數(shù)據(jù)處理 32
3. 5系統(tǒng)演示 33
3. 5. 1數(shù)據(jù)輸入 33
3. 5. 2直線插補(bǔ) 34
3. 6顯示部分設(shè)計(jì) 39
3. 6. 1發(fā)光二極管 39
3. 6. 2七段數(shù)碼管LED 40
3. 6. 3 LED靜態(tài)顯示方式 41
3. 6. 4 LED動(dòng)態(tài)顯示方式 41
3.6.5 LED顯示器與8155接口 42
4.串行通信設(shè)計(jì) 43
4. 1異步通信和同步通信 43
4.1.1異步通信 43
4.1.2同步通信 44
4.2波特率(Baud rate) 44
4. 3通信過程及通信協(xié)議 45
4. 3.1串—并轉(zhuǎn)換與設(shè)備同步 45
4. 3. 2串行通信協(xié)議 45
4. 4 RS-232標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口總線及串行通信硬件設(shè)計(jì) 45
4.4.1 RS-232標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口總線 46
4.4.2. RS-232的信號(hào)特征 46
4. 4. 3電氣特征與電平轉(zhuǎn)換 46
4. 4. 4波特率設(shè)置 47
5 脈沖均勻化插補(bǔ)方法 48
5. 1 傳統(tǒng)插補(bǔ)方法及其各軸脈沖波形 48
5. 2 脈沖均勻化的插補(bǔ)方法 50
結(jié) 論 52
致 謝 53
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 54