1. One preface The admixture that wind force and solar cells generate electricity to constitute generates electricity the system and is called the breeze/ light to repair the system with each other, all having some common weakness because of the breeze and solar energies, such as the energy density low, the stability is bad and is subjected to the weather influence not to continue, have the strong weak conjugation, solar energy of seasonal to interrupted etc. day and night. Be generate electricity by the wind force and solar energy respectively to the power supply, the credibility of its power supply lowers consumedly.
The wind energy, solar energy has to repair sex with each other certainly, if the sun light of daytime is strong, the night breeze is many, the summer sunshine good, the breeze is weak; The spring stanza breeze of winter is strong but the sunlight is opposite weaker. Develop the wind force a solar energy to supply again to give or get an electric shock the system with each other, take into wind force and the solar energy techniques to synthesize the exploitation, thus constitute a kind of repair with each other of can scatter the new energy that cloth order, will is a new growth to order in this energy structure of century. Have the condition pass the storage battery of match the appropriate capacity or connect into the city to give or get an electric shock the conduct and actions back up power supply, can make circulate the expenses to lower consumedly, huge exaltation of the credibility of the power supply. Local mainly generate electricity to independent wind power, the light currently and the breeze a light supplies again the research of the electricity control system with each other more. In design the breeze a light generate electricity system, the design way of thinking of the widespread adoption according to load everyday total to consume the electricity quantity, and radiate the quantity from the day that the local weather data get to the capacity of the certain solar cell array, the wind power machine, then come certain can the renewable energy generate electricity the power and the storage battery capacities of control the devices, but at mix with the movement of generate electricity the system control and excellent turn the research of manage the method less.
1. 引言 風(fēng)力與太陽能電池發(fā)電組成的混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)又叫作風(fēng)／光互補(bǔ)系統(tǒng)，由于風(fēng)和太陽能都有一些共同的缺點(diǎn)，如能量密度低、穩(wěn)定性差、 受天氣影響不連續(xù)、有季節(jié)性強(qiáng)弱變化、太陽能日夜間斷等。分別由風(fēng)力和太陽能發(fā)電來供電，其供電的可靠性大大降低。 風(fēng)能、太陽能具有一定的互補(bǔ)性，如白天太陽光強(qiáng)，夜晚風(fēng)多，夏天日照好、風(fēng)弱；冬春季節(jié)風(fēng)大而陽光相對(duì)較弱。開發(fā)風(fēng)力一太陽能互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，將風(fēng)力與太陽能技術(shù)加以綜合利用，從而構(gòu)成一種互補(bǔ)的可分散布點(diǎn)的新型能源，將是本世紀(jì)能源結(jié)構(gòu)中一個(gè)新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。有條件時(shí)通過搭配適當(dāng)容量的蓄電池或接入市電作為備用電源，可使運(yùn)行費(fèi)用大大的降低、供電的可靠性大大的提高。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)主要針對(duì)獨(dú)立的風(fēng)力發(fā)電、光伏發(fā)電及風(fēng)一光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電控制系統(tǒng)的研究較多。在設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)一光發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中，普遍采用的設(shè)計(jì)思路是根據(jù)負(fù)載每天的總耗電量，和由當(dāng)?shù)貧庀髷?shù)據(jù)得到的日輻射量來確定太陽能電池陣列、風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的容量，再來確定可再生能源發(fā)電控制裝置的功率和蓄電池容量，但是在混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行控制和優(yōu)化管理方法方面的研究較少。 由于風(fēng)電機(jī)組、太陽能電池陣列的輸出功率和負(fù)荷功率受外界因素的影響，變動(dòng)范圍較大，因而對(duì)控制和優(yōu)化發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的能量管理也提出了較高的要求。本文針對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了一能量管理系統(tǒng)（Energy Management System, 簡(jiǎn)稱EMS）來提高系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率和可靠性。 2. 統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 本文以華南理工大學(xué)新能源中心的分散式風(fēng)力一太陽能混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)為研究景，系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖２2－1示：