Abstract :

Based on reviewing the historical background, prospecting for the development trend ,analyzing the complicacy and mechanism and summing up some achievements and experiences in scientific research , several new problems and the possible direction of development in material processing technology and machine are proposed ,such as ,producing new concept materials possessing some specific and extraovdinary properties by means of integrating and coalescing conelative frontier science and technology ;and thereafter a brief discussion is given.


Keywords: interface; extraordinary physical field; procession machine ; function material










1　The Time Background of Material Processing Machine
In the long span of history of human progress ,many tools ,machines and methods were created and a variety of materials with different properties were processed. Materials and its processing have become one of pillar and driving force of mankind progress. In pace with multi - polar competition in current world and people’s striving perseveringly for happier life ,material function goes beyond unceasingly men’s knowledge and imagination ,for example ,cryptic function material ,semiconductor material ,energy material ,vibration - absorptive material , super - strength aluminum alloy accounting for 70 percent of application of aeronautics and space ,metal foil of 4～5μm ,deep drawing plate with anisotropy below 1 percent ,electronic aluminum foil with micro - orientation up to 95 percent ,heat resisting aluminum alloy with super strong specific strength used in aeronautics ,space and deep sea ,etc. Thus several important development trends with distinct time features in material processing domain are shaped up as follows :
(1) Creating material processing machine with extraordinary physical field for processing material with special texture structures and functions. For example ,applications of thermal energy and mechanical energy are breaking through unceasingly technology limit ,and some non - tradition energy ,such as microwave ,chemical energy , bioenergy , etc. , are introduced into material processing procedure one after another ,so that some material processing machines with extraordinary energy circumstance are produced.
1．機(jī)械材料加工的時(shí)代背景
在人類進(jìn)步的一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)，許多工具、機(jī)械和方法被提出來；不同的原料用不同的工具來加工。原料及其處理過程已經(jīng)變成了推動(dòng)人類進(jìn)步不可缺的一部份。在當(dāng)前世界中日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和人們追求幸福生活的今天，物質(zhì)的功能已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了人類現(xiàn)有的并不斷增長(zhǎng)的知識(shí)及想象。例如：神秘原料功能，半導(dǎo)體材料，原料能量有吸力的材料，在航空領(lǐng)域中占有70%份額的強(qiáng)力鋁合金4~5um的薄金屬片，用各向異性深沖壓金屬板在1%以下；電子鋁箔與強(qiáng)耐熱鋁合金已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到航空、宇宙及深海領(lǐng)域中，等等；在原料加工加工領(lǐng)域中不同的時(shí)間段里，材料重要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)就這樣形成了：
（1）在特殊的物理領(lǐng)域里制造原料加工機(jī)械，是為了能有特殊的質(zhì)地結(jié)構(gòu)和輔助性的加工功能。例如：運(yùn)用熱能和機(jī)械能能夠突破科學(xué)技術(shù)的極限，將一些不常用的能量，例如：微波、化學(xué)能、生物能等等，一個(gè)接一個(gè)的被引入到材料加工中來，因此一些加工特殊能量原材料的加工設(shè)備就被制造出來了。
（2）突破傳統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)限制，將溶化、凝固、造型一體化，然后加熱得到具有特殊功能的原料，這樣就可以降低加工費(fèi)用。例如：材料加工整形技術(shù)，比如像快速翻滾，噴霧處理、塑膠成型、噴射造型法、高能量射束等等被應(yīng)用。
（3）原料加工處理正在向高速、重載和高精度在線控制方向上邁進(jìn)。例如：軋制速度達(dá)到130m/s，壓力變形已達(dá)到300MPa，尺寸精度達(dá)到了0.1um，成型精度已達(dá)到0.1i；濃度精度已達(dá)到0.1MPa。由于這些原因，原料加工機(jī)械設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)理論將科學(xué)與技術(shù)相關(guān)聯(lián)的領(lǐng)域有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)一中新概念材料加工設(shè)備是可能的。