Sensor is one kind component which can tansform the physical quantity, chemistry quantity and the biomass into electrical signal. The output signal has the different forms like the voltage, the electric current, the frequency, the pulse and so on, which can satisfy the signal transmission, processing, recording, demonstration and control demands. So it is the automatic detection system and in the automatic control industry. If automatic Technology is used wider, then sensor is more important. In information age, the information industry includs information gathering, transmission, process three parts, namely sensor technology, communication, computer technology. Because of ultra large scale integrated circuit’s rapid development after having been developed ,Modern computer technology and communication, not only requests sensor precision, reliability, speed of response and gain information content request more and more high, but also requests its cost to be inexpensive. The obvious traditional sensor is eliminated gradually because of the function, the characteristic, the volume, the cost and so on. As world develop many countries are speeding up to the sensor new technology’s research and the development, and all has obtained the enormous breakthrough. Now the sensor new technology development, mainly has following several aspects:


傳感器是一種能將物理量、化學量、生物量等轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號的器件。輸出信號有不同形式，如電壓、電流、頻率、脈沖等，能滿足信息傳輸、處理、記錄、顯示、控制要求，是自動檢測系統(tǒng)和自動控制系統(tǒng)中不可缺少的元件。如果把計算機比作大腦，那么傳感器則相當于五官，傳感器能正確感受被測量并轉(zhuǎn)換成相應輸出量，對系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量起決定性作用。自動化程度越高，系統(tǒng)對傳感器要求越高。在今天的信息時代里，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)包括信息采集、傳輸、處理三部分，即傳感技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)代的計算機技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)由于超大規(guī)模集成電路的飛速發(fā)展，而已經(jīng)充分發(fā)達后，不僅對傳感器的精度、可靠性、響應速度、獲取的信息量要求越來越高，還要求其成本低廉且使用方便。顯然傳統(tǒng)傳感器因功能、特性、體積、成本等已難以滿足而逐漸被淘汰。世界許多發(fā)達國家都在加快對傳感器新技術(shù)的研究與開發(fā)，并且都已取得極大的突破。如今傳感器新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，主要有以下幾個方面：
一、發(fā)現(xiàn)并利用新現(xiàn)象
利用物理現(xiàn)象、化學反應、生物效應作為傳感器原理，所以研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新現(xiàn)象與新效應是傳感器技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要工作，是研究開發(fā)新型傳感器的基礎(chǔ)。 日本夏普公司利用超導技術(shù)研制成功高溫超導磁性傳感器，是傳感器技術(shù)的重大突破，其靈敏度高，僅次于超導量子干涉器件。它的制造工藝遠比超導量子干涉器件簡單。可用于磁成像技術(shù)，有廣泛推廣價值。
利用抗體和抗原在電極表面上相遇復合時，會引起電極電位的變化，利用這一現(xiàn)象可制出免疫傳感器。用這種抗體制成的免疫傳感器可對某生物體內(nèi)是否有這種抗原作檢查。如用肝炎病毒抗體可檢查某人是否患有肝炎，起到快速、準確作用。美國加州大學巳研制出