Abstract
The trends are world wide: people and goods are increasingly mobile, compact cities develop into urban networks, industrializing agriculture is becoming footloose, rural life becomes urban life in a green setting. Social segregation, traffic nuisance, urban sprawl and other unwanted impacts of these trends challenge urban and regional planners. The search for planning answers to these issues is further complicated by the need for sustainable development at a global scale. What is the role of ecology in the context of the discussions on the future of town and country? The traditional, and still dominant, approach is based on the polarity of urban and rural worlds. In this perspective, ecology focuses on the ‘nature’ of protected areas and biodiversity. The papers in this special issue explore the prospects of a wider perspective in which natural processes are seen as basic to both, rural and urban development. This article is digging up the fundamental ‘discourses’ underlying the two approaches to ecology and nature. Firstly, the ‘object-oriented’ and ‘process-oriented’ discourses are analyzed.Secondly, the prospects of a process-oriented discourse are illustrated with plans for the Dutch Randstad and the German Ruhr area. Then, some new concepts are introduced that may strengthen the institutional conditions for the process-oriented approach. Discourses, concepts, plans and projects all circle around the central question in this article about the role of ecology in planning the edge of the city.
Keywords
摘要:全球趨勢:人與貨物的流動性越來越高，緊湊的城市發(fā)展成為城市網絡，農業(yè)產業(yè)化變得越來越普及，農村的生活成為一個綠色的城市生活環(huán)境。社會隔離，交通公害，和這些趨勢帶來的其他的未曾想到的影響挑戰(zhàn)著城市區(qū)域規(guī)劃者們。在全球范圍內實現可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要，使得對于這些問題的解決方法的規(guī)劃研究進一步復雜化。在討論城市和鄉(xiāng)村的未來的背景下，生態(tài)學扮演怎樣的角色呢?傳統(tǒng)的、仍占主導地位的方式是基于城市和農村的反向性。從這個角度來看，生態(tài)重點在于保護區(qū)的天然性和生物的多樣性。在這個特殊問題方面的論文，用更廣闊的視野探討將自然過程視為城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的基礎這一前景。本文致力于挖掘出隱藏在自然生態(tài)背后的基本“模式”。第一，分析“實物導向”和“過程導向”性論述。第二，過程導向性的前景是以荷蘭任仕達和德國魯爾區(qū)的規(guī)劃為例進行的詳述。第三，引入一些新的概念，可以為“過程導向”方式增強制度條件。在這篇文章中，所有的論述，概念，計劃和項目都是圍繞生態(tài)學在城市邊緣規(guī)劃中所起到的作用這一中心問題而展開的。
關鍵詞：城市和區(qū)域規(guī)劃 生態(tài)學 論述 城市邊緣