建筑師的培養(yǎng)--------外文翻譯.doc
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建筑師的培養(yǎng)--------外文翻譯,1.建筑師要具備多學(xué)科的知識(shí)和種種技藝。以各種技藝完成的一切作品都要依靠這種知識(shí)的判斷來(lái)檢查。它是由手藝和理論產(chǎn)生的。手藝就是勤奮不輟的實(shí)際練習(xí),通過(guò)它利用設(shè)計(jì)圖紙表示的各種必需的材料由人工來(lái)完成(建筑物)。而理論則可用比例的理論論證和說(shuō)明以技巧建造的作品。2.因此,建筑師如果不顧學(xué)問(wèn)只致力于嫻熟技巧,雖竭盡辛苦,還是...
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1.建筑師要具備多學(xué)科的知識(shí)和種種技藝。以各種技藝完成的一切作品都要依靠這種知識(shí)的判斷來(lái)檢查。它是由手藝和理論產(chǎn)生的。手藝就是勤奮不輟的實(shí)際練習(xí),通過(guò)它利用設(shè)計(jì)圖紙表示的各種必需的材料由人工來(lái)完成(建筑物)。而理論則可用比例的理論論證和說(shuō)明以技巧建造的作品。
2.因此,建筑師如果不顧學(xué)問(wèn)只致力于嫻熟技巧,雖竭盡辛苦,還是不能得到威望的。而偏重于理論和學(xué)問(wèn)的人們似乎也是追求幻影而不是現(xiàn)實(shí)。與此相反,只有精通這兩方面的人們,才好似全副武裝人員一樣,能迅速的獲得威望并達(dá)到目的。
3.實(shí)際上在一切事物中特別是在建筑學(xué)中,也存在著一下兩種事物,即被賦予意義的事物和賦予意義的事物。被賦予意義的事物就是對(duì)他要提出討論的事物;賦予意義的事物就是按照學(xué)問(wèn)的原理做出解釋的闡明。因此自稱(chēng)為建筑師的人就要精通這兩種事物。這樣說(shuō)來(lái),建筑師既要有天賦的才能,還要有鉆研學(xué)問(wèn)的本領(lǐng)。因此沒(méi)有學(xué)問(wèn)的才能或沒(méi)有才能的學(xué)問(wèn)都不可能造就出完美的技術(shù)人員。因此建筑師應(yīng)當(dāng)擅長(zhǎng)文筆,熟悉制圖,精通幾何學(xué),熟悉各種歷史,勤聽(tīng)哲學(xué),理解音樂(lè),對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)并非茫然無(wú)知,通宵法律學(xué)家的論述,具有天文學(xué)或天體理論的知識(shí)。
4.這是為什么呢?下面就是他的理由。建筑師必須擅長(zhǎng)文筆,是為了能做記錄使記憶更加確實(shí)。其次,要有制圖知識(shí),依靠他們繪在圖紙上,就可以更容易表現(xiàn)他所希望的建筑外貌的效果。幾何學(xué)給予建筑學(xué)許多幫助。首先,它教導(dǎo)了直尺和圓規(guī)的使用方法。在建筑場(chǎng)地上使用這些確實(shí)容易定出建筑線(xiàn)來(lái),而且能正確地定出直角、水平線(xiàn)和直線(xiàn)。同樣,通過(guò)光學(xué)把光線(xiàn)從天空的一方正確地引到建筑物里。通過(guò)算術(shù)確實(shí)地計(jì)算建筑造價(jià),說(shuō)明計(jì)量方法;還通過(guò)幾何學(xué)的理論和方法解決艱難的對(duì)稱(chēng)問(wèn)題。
The architect should be equipped with knowledge of many branches of study and varied kinds of learning, for it is by his judgement that all work done by the other arts is put to test. This knowledge is the child of practice and theory. Practice is the continuous and regular exercise of employment where manual work is done with any necessary material according to the design of a drawing. Theory, on the other hand, is the ability to demonstrate and explain the productions of dexterity on the principles of proportion.
2. It follows, therefore, that architects who have aimed at acquiring manual skill without scholarship have never been able to reach a position of authority to correspond to their pains, while those who relied only upon theories and scholarship were obviously hunting the shadow, not the substance. But those who have a thorough knowledge of both, like men armed at all points, have the sooner attained their object and carried authority with them.
2.因此,建筑師如果不顧學(xué)問(wèn)只致力于嫻熟技巧,雖竭盡辛苦,還是不能得到威望的。而偏重于理論和學(xué)問(wèn)的人們似乎也是追求幻影而不是現(xiàn)實(shí)。與此相反,只有精通這兩方面的人們,才好似全副武裝人員一樣,能迅速的獲得威望并達(dá)到目的。
3.實(shí)際上在一切事物中特別是在建筑學(xué)中,也存在著一下兩種事物,即被賦予意義的事物和賦予意義的事物。被賦予意義的事物就是對(duì)他要提出討論的事物;賦予意義的事物就是按照學(xué)問(wèn)的原理做出解釋的闡明。因此自稱(chēng)為建筑師的人就要精通這兩種事物。這樣說(shuō)來(lái),建筑師既要有天賦的才能,還要有鉆研學(xué)問(wèn)的本領(lǐng)。因此沒(méi)有學(xué)問(wèn)的才能或沒(méi)有才能的學(xué)問(wèn)都不可能造就出完美的技術(shù)人員。因此建筑師應(yīng)當(dāng)擅長(zhǎng)文筆,熟悉制圖,精通幾何學(xué),熟悉各種歷史,勤聽(tīng)哲學(xué),理解音樂(lè),對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)并非茫然無(wú)知,通宵法律學(xué)家的論述,具有天文學(xué)或天體理論的知識(shí)。
4.這是為什么呢?下面就是他的理由。建筑師必須擅長(zhǎng)文筆,是為了能做記錄使記憶更加確實(shí)。其次,要有制圖知識(shí),依靠他們繪在圖紙上,就可以更容易表現(xiàn)他所希望的建筑外貌的效果。幾何學(xué)給予建筑學(xué)許多幫助。首先,它教導(dǎo)了直尺和圓規(guī)的使用方法。在建筑場(chǎng)地上使用這些確實(shí)容易定出建筑線(xiàn)來(lái),而且能正確地定出直角、水平線(xiàn)和直線(xiàn)。同樣,通過(guò)光學(xué)把光線(xiàn)從天空的一方正確地引到建筑物里。通過(guò)算術(shù)確實(shí)地計(jì)算建筑造價(jià),說(shuō)明計(jì)量方法;還通過(guò)幾何學(xué)的理論和方法解決艱難的對(duì)稱(chēng)問(wèn)題。
The architect should be equipped with knowledge of many branches of study and varied kinds of learning, for it is by his judgement that all work done by the other arts is put to test. This knowledge is the child of practice and theory. Practice is the continuous and regular exercise of employment where manual work is done with any necessary material according to the design of a drawing. Theory, on the other hand, is the ability to demonstrate and explain the productions of dexterity on the principles of proportion.
2. It follows, therefore, that architects who have aimed at acquiring manual skill without scholarship have never been able to reach a position of authority to correspond to their pains, while those who relied only upon theories and scholarship were obviously hunting the shadow, not the substance. But those who have a thorough knowledge of both, like men armed at all points, have the sooner attained their object and carried authority with them.