First, CNC systems and the development trend of history
一、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡史及趨勢
1946 birth of the world's first electronic computer, which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the mental work tools. It and human agriculture, industrial society in the creation of those who merely increase compared to manual tools, from a qualitative leap for mankind's entry into the information society laid the foundation. Six years later, in 1952, computer technology applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, the traditional machine produced a qualitative change. Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experienced two phases and six generations of development.
1946年誕生了世界上第一臺電子計算機，這表明人類創(chuàng)造了可增強和部分代替腦力勞動的工具。它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)社會中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強體力勞動的工具相比，起了質(zhì)的飛躍，為人類進(jìn)入信息社會奠定了基礎(chǔ)。6年后，即在1952年，計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機床上，在美國誕生了第一臺數(shù)控機床。從此，傳統(tǒng)機床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。近半個世紀(jì)以來，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個階段和六代的發(fā)展。
1.1, Numerical Control (NC) phase (1952 to 1970)
1.1、數(shù)控（NC）階段（1952～1970年）
Early computer's computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computing and data processing is not affected, but can not meet the requirements of real-time control machine. People have to use digital logic circuit "tied" into a single machine as a dedicated computer numerical control system, known as the hardware connection NC (HARD-WIRED NC), called the Numerical Control (NC). With the development of components of this phase after three generations, that is, in 1952 the first generation - tube; 1959 of the second generation - transistor; 1965 of the third generation - small-scale integrated circuits.
早期計算機的運算速度低，對當(dāng)時的科學(xué)計算和數(shù)據(jù)處理影響還不大，但不能適應(yīng)機床實時控制的要求。人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路"搭"成一臺機床專用計算機作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，被稱為硬件連接數(shù)控（HARD-WIRED NC），簡稱為數(shù)控（NC）。隨著元器件的發(fā)展，這個階段歷經(jīng)了三代，即1952年的第一代--電子管；1959年的第二代--晶體管；1965年的第三代--小規(guī)模集成電路。