First, CNC systems and the development trend of history
一、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史及趨勢(shì)
1946 birth of the world's first electronic computer, which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the mental work tools. It and human agriculture, industrial society in the creation of those who merely increase compared to manual tools, from a qualitative leap for mankind's entry into the information society laid the foundation. Six years later, in 1952, computer technology applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, the traditional machine produced a qualitative change. Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experienced two phases and six generations of development.
1946年誕生了世界上第一臺(tái)電子計(jì)算機(jī)，這表明人類創(chuàng)造了可增強(qiáng)和部分代替腦力勞動(dòng)的工具。它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)社會(huì)中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強(qiáng)體力勞動(dòng)的工具相比，起了質(zhì)的飛躍，為人類進(jìn)入信息社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。6年后，即在1952年，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機(jī)床上，在美國(guó)誕生了第一臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床。從此，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)階段和六代的發(fā)展。
1.1, Numerical Control (NC) phase (1952 to 1970)
1.1、數(shù)控（NC）階段（1952～1970年）
Early computer's computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computing and data processing is not affected, but can not meet the requirements of real-time control machine. People have to use digital logic circuit "tied" into a single machine as a dedicated computer numerical control system, known as the hardware connection NC (HARD-WIRED NC), called the Numerical Control (NC). With the development of components of this phase after three generations, that is, in 1952 the first generation - tube; 1959 of the second generation - transistor; 1965 of the third generation - small-scale integrated circuits.
早期計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)算速度低，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)處理影響還不大，但不能適應(yīng)機(jī)床實(shí)時(shí)控制的要求。人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路"搭"成一臺(tái)機(jī)床專用計(jì)算機(jī)作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，被稱為硬件連接數(shù)控（HARD-WIRED NC），簡(jiǎn)稱為數(shù)控（NC）。隨著元器件的發(fā)展，這個(gè)階段歷經(jīng)了三代，即1952年的第一代--電子管；1959年的第二代--晶體管；1965年的第三代--小規(guī)模集成電路。