摘 要
脈搏波所呈現(xiàn)出來的形態(tài)、強(qiáng)度、速率和節(jié)律等方面的綜合信息，能反映出人體心血管系統(tǒng)中許多生理疾病的血流特征。根據(jù)人體脈搏信號(hào)特征，本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于單片機(jī)的脈搏測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。因?yàn)槭种阜旁诠獾膫鬟f路徑中，血管中血液飽和度的變化將引起光的傳遞強(qiáng)度變化，所以，本系統(tǒng)采用了紅外發(fā)射與接收二極笯@淶甭霾釁骼床杉霾藕擰Ｊ紫齲杉降男藕磐ü屯瞬ㄓ敕糯蟮緶范月霾藕漚寫?，染忬，将放大后的脉搏信号通过整形稻湻进行悼妷蝙准变化，再经过一次放大稻湻对整形后的脉搏信簼a蟹糯?，将信簰仾换为AT89S52單片機(jī)易于處理的脈沖信號(hào)。通過單片機(jī)編程對(duì)脈沖信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理，測(cè)量出一分鐘內(nèi)的脈搏次數(shù)，最終在液晶屏中直觀地顯示出來。為了節(jié)省時(shí)間，一般不會(huì)作1分鐘的測(cè)量，通常是測(cè)量10秒鐘時(shí)間內(nèi)的脈搏數(shù)，再把結(jié)果乘以6即得到每分鐘的脈搏數(shù)。當(dāng)所測(cè)得的脈搏次數(shù)小于50或大于120時(shí)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)進(jìn)行報(bào)警。

關(guān)鍵詞： 人體脈搏信號(hào)；單片機(jī)；信號(hào)處理；脈搏傳感器；

ABSTRACT

The shape, intensity, speed, and rhythm of pulse signals reflect the physical and pathological characters of heart-blood system in human bodies mostly. According to the characteristics of the human pulse signals, a pulse fluctuation frequency measurement system is designed. When the finger is put in the deliver path of light, as the saturation of blood degree changes, the strength of the light delivered in the path changes. So firstly, two infrared emitting diodes working as a pulse sensor are chosen to collect the signals of human pulse, secondly, an amplification circuit and a filter wave circuit to enlarge the signal are used, then orthopedic circuit which can invert the analog signal is used before the amplification circuit is used again so that AT89S52 single chip microcomputer is able to deal with the pulse signal and get the pulse fluctuation frequency. Finally, the results are displayed with a LCD screen. To save time, we do not usually measure the pulse for a minute ,we just measure it within 10 seconds, then multiply the result by 6 to get the per minute’s count of the pulse. When the count of pulse is less than 50 or more than 120, the bell of the system rings to give a warning.

Key Words：Pulse signal of human body; single chip microcomputer; treatment of signal; pulse sensor;

目 錄


1 引言 1
2 系統(tǒng)概述 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)總設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) 3
2.1.1 實(shí)現(xiàn)要求 3
2.1.2 主要完成內(nèi)容 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 3
2.2.1 系統(tǒng)硬件組成部分 3
2.2.2 脈搏傳感器的選擇 4
2.2.3 信號(hào)處理電路所用芯片的選擇 5
2.2.4 單片機(jī)的選擇 5
3 主處理電路的設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1.1 時(shí)鐘信號(hào) 7
3.1.2 RC復(fù)位電路 7
3.2 系統(tǒng)模塊電路的設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.2.1 信號(hào)采集與信號(hào)處理電路的設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.2.2 定時(shí)電路的設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.2.3 報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.2.4 顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.3 電路所用芯片簡(jiǎn)介 12
3.3.1 AT89S52芯片簡(jiǎn)介 12
3.3.2 CD4069芯片的簡(jiǎn)介 16
3.4 1602液晶屏的簡(jiǎn)介 17
3.4.1 液晶屏的引腳功能 17
3.4.2 液晶屏的顯示原理 18
3.5 PCB腐蝕板的簡(jiǎn)介 19
3.5.1 PCB板的簡(jiǎn)介 19
3.5.2 PCB腐蝕板的制作流程 20
3.6 紅外發(fā)光二極管的簡(jiǎn)介 20
4 系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì) 22
4.1 脈搏頻率的測(cè)量方法 22
4.1.1 周期測(cè)量法 22
4.1.2 多周期同步測(cè)量法 23
4.1.3 頻率測(cè)量法 23
4.2 程序設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.2.1 系統(tǒng)主程序的設(shè)計(jì) 24
4.2.2 脈搏頻率的測(cè)量原理 24
5 系統(tǒng)軟件調(diào)試 27
5.1 硬件調(diào)試過程 27
5.2 軟件調(diào)試過程 27
5.3 調(diào)試中遇到的問題及解決方法 28
結(jié) 論 29
參考文獻(xiàn) 30
附錄1總電路圖 31
附錄2 譆@絳� 32
致 謝 39