三相變壓器
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摘要：
三相變壓器是電力系統(tǒng)中輸配電力的主要設(shè)備，在電力系統(tǒng)中，三相變壓器的總安裝容量為發(fā)電機(jī)安裝容量的6～8倍。近年來(lái)，隨著能源的日趨緊張，對(duì)變壓器這一重要用電設(shè)備進(jìn)行節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。此設(shè)計(jì)主要從節(jié)能的角度來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)三相變壓器。
對(duì)變壓器進(jìn)行節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)的原則就是滿足性能指標(biāo)條件下，降低變壓器的損耗及有效材料成本。在具體設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，往往需要反復(fù)調(diào)整和計(jì)算，因?yàn)榻档蛽p耗和降低材料成本在某種條件下又是相互矛盾的，反復(fù)調(diào)整和計(jì)算的過(guò)程就是使得全局優(yōu)化的過(guò)程。節(jié)能變壓器與普通變壓器設(shè)計(jì)的程序相同，但在參數(shù)選擇方面偏重點(diǎn)不同，如電流密度和磁通密度的選取都比普通變壓器低一些。這些在具體設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中將作詳細(xì)介紹。
關(guān)鍵詞: 三相變壓器；損耗 ；節(jié)能；電流密度 ；磁通密度；
Abstract
Three-phase transformer is the main equipment to transit and distribute power in the electricity system. The total installed capacity of the three-phase transformer is 6~8 times as much as that of the generator in the electricity system. In recent years, with the energy tensing increasingly, people paid more and more attention to this important power consuming equipment the energy. This text designed the three-phase transformer in terms of energy-conservation mainly
The energy-conservation designing principle of three-phase transformer required that the loss of the transformer and the cost of the effective material were reduced with the performance indexes met. In the course of the concrete design, adjusting and calculating are needed repeatly,because it is contradictory for each other to reduce various loss and the material costs under a certain condition.so, the course of adjusting and calculating repeatly is the course of making the overall situation optimization. The design procedure of energy-conservation transformer and ordinary transformer is the same,and they are different in the choose of parameter, for example the electric current density and magnetism flux density choose a little lower than the ordinary voltage transformer. These will make detailed introduction in the course of design concretely.
Keyword: Three-phaser transformer; Loss ; Energy-conservation; Electric current density ; Magnetism flux density;

目錄
1 概 述 1
1.1 變壓器設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的任務(wù) 1
1.2 變壓器設(shè)計(jì)的步驟 2
2 變壓器電磁計(jì)算 3
2.1 電壓計(jì)算 3
2.2 電流計(jì)算 3
2.3 鐵心直徑估算 4
2.4 變壓器容量的折算 5
2.5 鐵心柱和鐵軛截面設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.6 線圈匝數(shù)計(jì)算 6
2.7 電壓比校核 7
3 線圈設(shè)計(jì) 9
3.1 線圈結(jié)構(gòu)型式的確定 10
3.2 導(dǎo)線與電流密度的選擇 10
3.3 餅式線圈段數(shù)及每段匝數(shù)的確定 10
3.4 線圈輻向和軸向尺寸計(jì)算 12
4 絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)的確定 14
4.1 絕緣半徑計(jì)算 14
4.2 窗高計(jì)算 14
4.3 確定主、縱絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)的依據(jù) 15
4.4 35KV及以下變壓器的主、縱絕緣結(jié)構(gòu) 16
5 阻抗電壓的計(jì)算 21
5.1 阻抗電壓計(jì)算 21
5.2 內(nèi)外線圈中無(wú)軸向油道 22
5.3 內(nèi)外線圈有軸向油道 24
6 損耗的計(jì)算 25
6.1 線圈數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算 25
6.2 鐵心數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算 26
6.3 附加損耗計(jì)算 29
7 油箱設(shè)計(jì)及溫升計(jì)算油箱設(shè)計(jì) 32
7.1 油箱高度計(jì)算 32
7.2 油箱寬度計(jì)算 33
7.3 油箱長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算 33
7.4 變壓器的發(fā)熱及散熱過(guò)程 34
7.5 線圈對(duì)油的溫升計(jì)算 35
7.6 油溫升計(jì)算 38
8 重量的計(jì)算 42
8.1 油重計(jì)算 42
8.2 器身重計(jì)算 43
8.3 油箱及附件重量計(jì)算 43
9三相變壓器設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例 46
9.1 產(chǎn)器規(guī)格及技術(shù)要求 46
9.2 主要材料（根據(jù)供應(yīng)情況定） 46
9.3 額定電壓和額定電流 47
9.4 鐵心數(shù)據(jù) 47
9.5 線圈數(shù)據(jù) 48
9.6 阻抗電壓計(jì)算 51
9.7 損耗計(jì)算 52
9.8 油箱尺寸 54
9.9 溫升計(jì)算 54
9.10 重量計(jì)算 56
總 結(jié) 57
致 謝 58
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