摘  要：

    在當(dāng)今高速發(fā)展的社會(huì)里，交通問題成為大家關(guān)注的社會(huì)問題，目前國內(nèi)十字路口的交通燈控制一般是定時(shí)切換控制的。在未來的工業(yè)發(fā)展中，交通燈的需求將慢慢地走向人性化、自由化和便利化。由于交通系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)具有隨機(jī)性、模糊性和不確定性的控制系統(tǒng)，汽車數(shù)量的直線上升及現(xiàn)有的定時(shí)切換控制交通方式的局限性都使得我們有必要尋求一種智能的交通控制系統(tǒng)。

本設(shè)計(jì)分析了現(xiàn)代城市交通控制與管理問題的現(xiàn)狀，結(jié)合城鄉(xiāng)交通的實(shí)際情況闡述了交通燈控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理，給出了一種簡單實(shí)用的城市交通燈控制系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)方案。系統(tǒng)采用PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)正常交通的時(shí)序控制，通過傳感器自動(dòng)獲取車輛數(shù)據(jù)，完成對(duì)交通異常狀況的檢測(cè)，PLC根據(jù)取得的數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用一定的智能控制原則自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)紅綠燈的時(shí)間長度。

比較傳統(tǒng)的定時(shí)交通燈控制與智能交通燈控制，最大限度地減少車輛滯留現(xiàn)象，較好地解決了車流量不均衡、不穩(wěn)定問題,提高了公路交通通行率，較全球定位系統(tǒng)而言成本更低,從而也充分的利用了有限的人力和物力資源。同時(shí)對(duì)減輕車輛尾氣排放、降低環(huán)境污染都起到了不可低估的作用。

 

Abstract:

    With the rapid development of the society, the traffic problems become a concern of social problems, the current domestic crossroads traffic lights control is generally a timing switching control. In the future in the development of industry, traffic demand will slowly towards humanity, liberalization and facilitation. The transport system is a random, fuzzy and uncertain control systems, the number of cars straight up and the existing timing switch control mode of transport limitations make it is necessary for us to seek a kind of intelligent traffic control system

    The design and analysis of the modern city traffic control and management of the status quo, rural and urban traffic light of the actual situation of a traffic light control system's principle of work, the paper puts forward a simple and practical city traffic light control system hardware circuit design. The system uses PLC to realize sequential control of the normal transportation, through the sensor automatic access to vehicle data, performed on abnormal traffic detection, PLC according to the data obtained by using certain intelligent control principle of automatic adjusting light time length

   Compared with the traditional control of the timing of traffic lights and traffic lights control, minimize the vehicles stranded, solved the problem of traffic imbalance, instability, improved highway traffic rate, higher than the global positioning system to lower the cost, so as to make full use of the limited manpower and material resources. At the same time to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, reduce environmental pollution has played a role should not be underestimated.

Keywords: PLC control system Traffic lights Intelligent control

 

目  錄

1  引言 8

1.1 交通燈的發(fā)展史 8

1.2 我國城市交通的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 10

2  智能交通燈方案設(shè)計(jì) 11

2.1 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建 11

2.2 智能交通信號(hào)燈正常控制方式 12

2.3 急車強(qiáng)通控制方式 13

３  智能交通燈系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 14

3.1 PLC的用途與特點(diǎn) 15

3.1.1 PLC的用途 15

3.1.2 PLC的特點(diǎn) 16

3.2Plc的選型 16

3.2.1  FX2NPLC的結(jié)構(gòu) 17

3.2.2 PLC的工作原理 18

3.3傳感器的選擇 19

3.4 I/O分配表 20

3.5 I/O分配點(diǎn)數(shù)估算 20

3.6 PLC硬件電路圖 20

4  PLC軟件編程設(shè)計(jì) 22

4.1 程序流程圖 22

4.2 plc梯形圖 24

4.3程序語句表 27

5系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià) 29

5.1系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 29

5.2系統(tǒng)需改進(jìn)的地方 29

7 總結(jié) 30

8 致謝 31

參考文獻(xiàn) 32