設(shè)計總說明

25MW雙抽調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)組是工業(yè)企業(yè)自備電廠和熱電廠的主要機(jī)型，同單純背壓式和凝汽式汽輪機(jī)相比其設(shè)計過程要復(fù)雜的多，因而其熱力系統(tǒng)及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計水平對于電廠的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、安全性具有重要意義。

本設(shè)計的總體思路是對25MW雙抽調(diào)整式工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)行原則性熱力系統(tǒng)計算以及設(shè)計其通流部分，根據(jù)原則性計算的結(jié)果，對汽輪機(jī)的基本尺寸進(jìn)行計算，再根據(jù)基本尺寸做出汽輪機(jī)通流部分的結(jié)構(gòu)圖。

其中原則性熱力計算包括汽水平衡、加熱器熱循環(huán)、回?zé)嵯禂?shù)等參數(shù)的計算。除此之外，還要確定輔助系統(tǒng)的選型，如主蒸汽系統(tǒng)、旁路系統(tǒng)、回?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)、給水系統(tǒng)、除氧系統(tǒng)、主凝結(jié)水系統(tǒng)、補(bǔ)水系統(tǒng)、鍋爐排污系統(tǒng)、供熱系統(tǒng)、廠內(nèi)循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)等。

該設(shè)計的另一項(xiàng)工作是，根據(jù)已知數(shù)據(jù)以及工業(yè)設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，計算調(diào)節(jié)級與壓力級的焓降分配，估算汽輪機(jī)通流部分的基本尺寸，確定汽輪機(jī)的流通部分的結(jié)構(gòu)，校核其整機(jī)效率，設(shè)計符合工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的雙抽機(jī)組，并繪制了詳細(xì)的熱力過程線及通流部分結(jié)構(gòu)圖。

    關(guān)鍵詞：雙抽，工業(yè)汽輪機(jī)，熱力系統(tǒng)，

 General Introduction of the Design

   25 MW dual-extraction turbine mainly services in self-provided power plant of industrial enterprise. Compared with pure back pressure turbine and pure condensing turbine , its design process is more complicated . Thus its thermodynamic system and structure design is greatly significant for the power plant both in economy and safety.

   It is a design for 25MW industrial dual-extraction steam turbine .The general idea   focus on the calculation of thermal circulation, as well as the design of the flow path sections according to the result of the calculation above. The size of the turbine also needs to be calculated, and it decides the structure chart of the turbine flow path . 

   The thermodynamic calculation includes the balance of stream, thermal cycling of heaters, heat recovery rate, and so on. In addition, it’s important to determine the auxiliary system, such as main steam system, bypass systems, heat recovery systems, feedwater systems, deaerator systems, the main condensation system ,water replenishing, boiler blowdown systems, heat supply systems , plant circulating water system and so on .

   Another work of the design is the calculation for the enthalpy drop allocation of  governing stage and the pressure stages base on the given data and industrial design standards. It's necessary to estimate the basic size of the turbine, and then determine the structure of the flow path section. Finish the job after verification of its overall efficiency. Make it a qualified dual-extraction unit for industry. In the end, draw a detailed thermodynamics process chart and a structure chart of flow path section .

    Key words: dual-extraction,  industrial steam turbine,  thermal circulation

目錄

1  緒論 1

2  全面性熱力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 2

2.1 原則性熱力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 2

2.1.1  整理原始數(shù)據(jù) 2

2.1.2  計算回?zé)岢槠禂?shù)和凝氣系數(shù) 3

2.1.3  新汽量D0計算及功率校核 6

2.2 輔助系統(tǒng)的選定 8

2.2.1  主蒸汽以再熱系統(tǒng)的選定 9

2.2.2  回?zé)峒訜嵯到y(tǒng)（回?zé)岢槠笆杷┑倪x定 9

2.2.3  給水系統(tǒng)的選定 11

2.2.4  除氧系統(tǒng)的選定 12

2.2.5  補(bǔ)給水系統(tǒng)的選定 13

2.2.6  鍋爐排污系統(tǒng)的選定 14

2.2.7  供熱系統(tǒng)的選定 15

2.2.8  廠內(nèi)水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的選定 15

2.2.9  旁路系統(tǒng)的選定 17

3  汽輪機(jī)通流部分的設(shè)計 18

3.1 主要參數(shù) 18

3.2 雙抽基本參數(shù)分段計算 18

3.2.1各段實(shí)際比焓降的計算 19

3.2.2各段進(jìn)汽量和總功率的計算 20

3.3 調(diào)節(jié)級的詳細(xì)熱力計算 22

3.4 第一壓力級的詳細(xì)熱力計算 28

3.6 熱力計算數(shù)據(jù)匯總 34

3.5 整機(jī)相對內(nèi)效率核算及修正 44

結(jié)論 44

參考文獻(xiàn) 45

致謝 47