車間低壓配電系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要:電能是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要?jiǎng)恿δ茉?，工廠供電設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)是從電力系統(tǒng)取得電源，經(jīng)過(guò)合理的傳輸、變換、分配到工廠車間中每一個(gè)用電設(shè)備上，隨著工業(yè)電氣自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的發(fā)展，工廠用電量快速增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)電能質(zhì)量、供電可靠性以及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)等的要求也日益提高，供電設(shè)計(jì)是否完善，不僅影響工廠的基本建設(shè)投資、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用和有色金屬消耗量，而且也反映到工廠的可靠性和工廠的安全生產(chǎn)上，它與企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、設(shè)備和人身安全等是密切相關(guān)的。
現(xiàn)在除個(gè)別大型工業(yè)聯(lián)合企業(yè)有自備電廠外，絕大多數(shù)工廠都是從國(guó)家電力系統(tǒng)取得電能的，因此，工廠工業(yè)負(fù)荷是電力系統(tǒng)的主要用戶，工廠供電系統(tǒng)也是電力系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)組成部分，保證安全供電和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行，不僅關(guān)系到企業(yè)的利益，也關(guān)系到電力系統(tǒng)的安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行以及合理利用能源。
工廠供電設(shè)計(jì)必須遵循國(guó)家的各項(xiàng)方針政策，設(shè)計(jì)方案必須符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的有關(guān)規(guī)定，同時(shí)必須滿足以下幾項(xiàng)基本要求：
1、安全　　在電能的供應(yīng)、分配和使用中，不應(yīng)發(fā)生人身事故和設(shè)備事故。
2、可靠　　應(yīng)滿足能用戶對(duì)供電可靠性的要求。
3、優(yōu)質(zhì)　　應(yīng)滿足電能用戶對(duì)電壓和頻率等質(zhì)量的要求。
4、經(jīng)濟(jì)　　供電系統(tǒng)的投資要少，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低，并盡可能工節(jié)約電能和減少有色金屬消耗量。
此外，在供電工作中，應(yīng)合理地處理局和全局、當(dāng)前和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)等關(guān)系，既要照顧局部和當(dāng)前和利益，又要有全局觀點(diǎn)，能顧全大局，適應(yīng)發(fā)展。
本說(shuō)明書為某機(jī)械制造廠電修低配系統(tǒng)及車間變電所設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明，該車間的主變壓器容量為630kVA，各電壓等級(jí)分別為10kV和0.4kV，車間的負(fù)荷均屬三類負(fù)荷，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求，本設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容包括：車間的負(fù)荷計(jì)算及無(wú)功補(bǔ)償，確定車間變電所的所址和型式，車間變電所的主緯線方案，短路電流計(jì)算，主要用電設(shè)備選擇和校驗(yàn)，車間變電所整定繼電保護(hù)和防雷保護(hù)及接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì)等。
由于本人初步設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)資料欠周全，電氣設(shè)備的參數(shù)一般引用現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品，個(gè)別參數(shù)在指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)下，選用較新數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算所用方法依照《工廠供電設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)》規(guī)定進(jìn)行計(jì)算的，在保證可靠性的前提下，經(jīng)計(jì)算和校驗(yàn)，本人水平有限和不完善之處，錯(cuò)漏難免，請(qǐng)指導(dǎo)老師指正，本人不勝感激。

Preface
Electrical energy is the main motivate part of the industrial production. Factories supply power design duty to obtain power source from the electrical power system, pass through the reasonable transmission, transformation, and assigns to the factory workshop in on each current collector. Along with the industry electricity automation technology development, factories with the electric quantity rapid growth, to the electrical energy quality, the power supply reliability as well as the technology economic indicator and so on the request also day by day enhances .The power supply designs whether consummates, not only affects the factory the capital investment, the operating cost and the non-ferrous metal consumption, moreover also reflected to the factory power supply reliability and in the factory safety in production ,it and enterprise’s economic efficiency ,the equipment and so on is the close correlation .
Now has besides the individual major industry integrated enterprise supplies for oneself the power plant, the majority factory all is obtains the electrical energy from the country electrical power system. Therefore, the factory industry load is the electrical power system main user, the factory power supply system also is an electrical power system constituent, guarantees the safe power supply and the economical movement, not only relates the enterprise the benefit, also relates the electrical power system the security and the economical movement as well as the reasonable use energy .The factory power supply design must follow nation each general and specific policies, the design proposal must conform to in the nation standard related stipulation ,simultaneously must satisfy following several basic requests:
1、Securities-in the electrical energy supply ,assignment and should not have the accident causing personal injury and the equipment accident .
2、Reliable-should satisfy the electrical energy user to the power supply reliable request .
3、High quality–should satisfy the electrical energy user to quality the and so on voltage and frequency request .
4、Economies-power supply system investment must be few, low operating cost ,and saves the electrical energy and the reduced non-ferrous metal consumption as far as possible .
In addition, in the power supply work, should reasonably process the bureau and the overall situation, current and is long term and so on the relations, both must consider partial and the current benefit, and must have the total view, can take the entire situation into account, adaptation development. This instruction booklet repairs a vehicle the low electrical power distribution systems for some mechanical factory electricity and the workshop transformer substation design explanation. This workshop main transformer capacity is 630kVA,various voltages rank respectively is 10kV and 0.4kV, the workshop load is three kinds of loads. According to designs the project description the request, this design main content includes: The workshop load computation and the idle work compensate; definite workshop transformer substation institute site and pattern; Workshop transformer substation host electric coil plan; Short-circuit current computation; mainly current collector choice and verification; Workshop transformer substation setup UPS and anti-radar protection and grounding design and so on .
This is my preliminary design, plus all my design data and sources may incomplete, therefore, I instructed by my professors to help me to select some innovative/ newer material, such as the electrical equipment parameter general quotation existing product, the individual parameter. The computation methods are according to “Factory power supply Design Instruction” to stipulate carries on the computation. After those verification and computation from those resources, it can be guarantee to be ore reliable. It is appreciate and grateful that if you (professor) can point out my mistakes, errors, omissions or misunderstand concepts, based on this is my beginner level of energy design that may not be exactly the perfect concept.

目　　錄
1、車間的負(fù)荷計(jì)算及無(wú)功補(bǔ)償―――――――――――――――――――
2、確定車間變電所的所址和型式――――――――――――――――――
3、確定車間變電所主變壓器型式，容量和臺(tái)數(shù)及主結(jié)線方案（要求從兩個(gè)
比較合理的方案中優(yōu)選）――――――――――――――――――――
4、短路計(jì)算，并選擇一次設(shè)備（盡量列表）―――――――――――――
5、選擇車間變電所高低進(jìn)出線截面（包括母線）―――――――――――
6、選擇電源進(jìn)線的二次回路及整定繼電保護(hù)―――――――――――――
7、車間變電所的防雷保護(hù)及接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì)―――――――――――――
8、確定車間低壓配電系統(tǒng)布線方案―――――――――――――――――
9、選擇低壓配電系統(tǒng)的導(dǎo)線及控制保護(hù)設(shè)備―――――――――――――
10、設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書――――――――――――――――――――――――――
11、車間變電所主結(jié)線電路圖――――――――――――――――――――
12、車間變電所平、剖面圖―――――――――――――――――――――
13、車間低壓配電系統(tǒng)和平面布線圖―――――――――――――――――
14、結(jié)論―――――――――――――――――――――――――――