單片機(jī)直流電機(jī)調(diào)速控制器的設(shè)計(jì)

本文共計(jì)13頁(yè)，3500字

設(shè)計(jì)題目： 專業(yè)方向綜合課程設(shè)計(jì)
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·摘要
隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動(dòng)了不同學(xué)科的交叉與滲透，導(dǎo)致了工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)革命與改造。在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn)的時(shí)代，在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域，由于微電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機(jī)械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機(jī)電一體化，使機(jī)械工業(yè)的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品機(jī)構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化，使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機(jī)械電氣化”邁入了“機(jī)電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。機(jī)電不只是機(jī)電，而今天機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)是面向應(yīng)用的跨學(xué)科的技術(shù)，它是機(jī)械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)等有機(jī)融合、相互滲透的結(jié)果。今天機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展飛速，機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品更新日新月異。其未來(lái)將朝著智能化、微型化、系統(tǒng)化、光機(jī)電一體化方向發(fā)展。在電氣時(shí)代的今天，電動(dòng)機(jī)在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪卸计鹬种匾淖饔?。直流電機(jī)作為最常見(jiàn)的一種電機(jī)，具有非常優(yōu)秀的線性機(jī)械特性、較寬的調(diào)速范圍、良好的起動(dòng)性以及簡(jiǎn)單的控制電路等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此在社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中都得到了十分廣泛的應(yīng)用。
本文設(shè)計(jì)了直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的基本方案，闡述了該系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理、運(yùn)行特性及其設(shè)計(jì)方法。本系統(tǒng)采用霍爾元器件測(cè)量電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，用MCS-51單片機(jī)對(duì)直流電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制，用DAC0832芯片實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出模擬電壓值來(lái)控制直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。本設(shè)計(jì)主要研究直流電機(jī)的控制和測(cè)量方法，從而對(duì)電機(jī)的控制精度、響應(yīng)速度以及節(jié)約能源等都具有重要意義。
·關(guān)鍵詞：直流電機(jī) 單片機(jī) 轉(zhuǎn)速控制
Abstract:With the continuous development of modern science and technology, has greatly promoted the intersection of different disciplines and infiltration, leading to the field of engineering technology revolution and transformation. In this era of rapid economic growth in the field of mechanical engineering, microelectronics and computer technology since the rapid development and penetration to the machinery industry formed by mechanical and electrical integration, the technology of mechanical industry structure, product organization, function and composition, production methods and management system has undergone tremendous changes, industrial production by the "electric machinery" into a "mechatronics" as the characteristic stage of development. Electrical not only mechanical and electrical, mechanical and electrical integration, and today technology is application-oriented interdisciplinary technology, mechanical technology, microelectronics, information technology and control technology of organic integration, the result of mutual penetration. Today, the rapid development of mechatronics, mechatronics product updates with each passing day. Its future will be towards the intelligent, miniaturized, systematic, optical electromechanical integration direction. In electrical time's today, the electric motor is playing the very vital role in the industry and agriculture production with the people daily life. The direct current machine takes the most common one kind of electrical machinery, has the very outstanding linear physical characteristics, the wide governor deflection, the good starting as well as merits and so on simple control circuit, therefore obtained the very widespread application in society's each domain. 　 This article has designed the direct current machine control system's basic scheme, elaborated this system's basic structure, the principle of work, the operating characteristic and the design method. This system uses the Hall primary device to survey electric motor's rotational speed, carries on the control with the MCS-51 monolithic integrated circuit to direct current machine's rotational speed, realizes the output analogue voltage value with the DAC0832 chip to control direct current motor's rotational speed. This design main research direct current machine's control and measuring technique, thus to the electrical machinery the control precision, the speed of response as well as saves the energy and so on to have the important meaning.
Key words: Direct current machine monolithic integrated circuit speed control

目 錄
摘要................................................（03）
關(guān)鍵字..............................................（03）
1 前言................................................（04）
2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)............................................（04）
2.1 直流電機(jī)調(diào)速原理................................（04）
2.2 系統(tǒng)硬件組成原理................................（04）
2.3 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理.................（05）
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量電路原理................................（05）
2.5 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì).... ..............（06）
2.6 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)...... ............（07）
3 結(jié)論................................................（07）
附錄..................................................（08）
參考文獻(xiàn)..............................................（13） 1、尹耕欽，唐緒偉 城市交通信號(hào)燈模擬控制系統(tǒng) 微計(jì)算機(jī)信息 2005第10-1期