微型機床的結構設計

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摘要 本文采用逆向工程，通過對目前市場有的家用小型車床CQ0618*300進行結構反向分析，探索小型機床的機構特征和設計方法。
我國是一個機床擁有量大、 大部分機床役齡長、數(shù)控化程度不高的發(fā)展中國家。因此，從事機床設計的人員，應不斷地把經(jīng)過實踐檢驗的新理論、新技術、新方法應用到設計中，做到既要技術先進、經(jīng)濟效益好、效率高。要不斷的吸收國外的成功經(jīng)驗，做到既要符合我國國情，又要趕超國際水平。要不斷的開拓創(chuàng)新，設計和制造出更多的生產率高、靜態(tài)動態(tài)性能好、結構簡單、使用方便、維修容易、造型美觀、耗能少、成本低的現(xiàn)代化機床。設計本著以上原則進行，盡量向低成本、高效率、簡化操作、符合人機工程的方向考慮。
本文主要對機床底座，刀架，導軌，進行設計和改進，通過對車床切削力的計算，選擇出車床所需要的步進電機和絲桿，從而將原有機床數(shù)控化改進，對機床傳動系統(tǒng)改進后，使得機床在單片機控制下實現(xiàn)無級變速，設計出一款國內緊缺的微型的家庭用實惠的數(shù)控車床。
關鍵詞：微型車床 結構設計 數(shù)控


The structural design of micro machine tools
Abstract In this paper, by using reverse engineering, through the analysis of the current market there is a small lathe household CQ0618*300 structure reverse, institution characteristics and design method of the small machine.
China is a country with large amount of machine tool, machine tool used for long, most of NC level is not high in developing countries. Therefore, the personnel engaged in machine tool design, should continue to put through the application of new theory, new technology, new method to design the test of practice, not only advanced technology, good economic returns, high efficiency. To absorb the successful experience of foreign countries constantly, so as to meet the conditions of our country, but also to catch up with international level. To constant innovation, design and manufacture of high productivity, good static and dynamic performance, simple structure, convenient use, easy repair, beautiful appearance, low energy consumption, low cost of modern machine tool. Design in line with the above principles, as far as possible to the low-cost, high efficiency, simple operation, consider ergonomic direction.
This paper focuses on the base of the machine tool, cutter, guide, design and improvement, based on Calculation of lathe cutting force, choose the lathe to step motor and a screw rod, which will improve the original NC machine tools, the improvement of the machine drive system, makes the machine to realize stepless speed under the control of the microcontroller, design a a domestic shortage of miniature household economical CNC lathe.
Keywords: micro machine tools structure design NC lathe

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1機床工業(yè)與國民經(jīng)濟 1
1.2我國機床工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3本文主要內容 2
第二章 機床的總體設計 2
2.1機床結構布局設計 2
第三章 機床參數(shù)設計 2
3.1機床型號及其主要參數(shù) 3
3.2 車床詳情 3
3.3機床外觀 4
3.4傳統(tǒng)機床設計中參數(shù)設計方法 4
第四章 設計計算 5
4.1傳動系統(tǒng)設計 5
4.1.1絲杠選擇 6
4.1 2切削力的計算 7
4.1.3 電機的選擇 8
4.1.4帶輪的設計 9
4.2導軌設計 11
4.2.1導軌的作用和設計要求 11
4.2.2導軌的結構設計 12
第五章 機床支撐件設計 17
5.1機床底座設計 18
結 論 19
致 謝 20
參考文獻 21