無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)信號(hào)傳播模型優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)

1.7萬(wàn)字
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摘要：如何準(zhǔn)確的修訂傳播模型是無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)信號(hào)傳播模型優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，它關(guān)系到能否將采集到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確有效的計(jì)算，直接影響了設(shè)計(jì)的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。這就要求不僅僅對(duì)模型的選擇要恰當(dāng)，同時(shí)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)器材和實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟也要做出嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪x擇與規(guī)劃。以求在硬件及環(huán)境有限的情況下，盡可能的令采集到的數(shù)據(jù)保持準(zhǔn)確，以求在導(dǎo)入模型的過(guò)程中，盡可能的減少誤差。
在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境是為平整公路、平原草地、山地表面。因?yàn)闊o(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)部署距離與環(huán)境密切相關(guān)，實(shí)際應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)景有人類活動(dòng)密集的公路，有少量樹木和灌木的草地，也有地形起伏草木叢生的山地。測(cè)試硬件上選擇了與傳播模型參數(shù)相匹配的2.4GHz的全向天線和Jennic公司生產(chǎn)的5139型傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)。適合2.4GHz和山地的已有傳播模型是Egli模型，這種通用模型需要在實(shí)際中修訂后才能貼合具體環(huán)境。由實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)可以得到諸如最大傳播距離、發(fā)射器架高以及移動(dòng)臺(tái)架高等數(shù)據(jù)，再結(jié)合一些經(jīng)由查表所得的數(shù)據(jù)，這樣根據(jù)不同環(huán)境條件下的傳播損耗公式即可計(jì)算出傳播損耗。由此可以得出，本次設(shè)計(jì)需修訂的主要是傳播損耗公式中對(duì)于不同地形所作出修正的修正因子增益。具體是在不同條件下按所分區(qū)間測(cè)量發(fā)射器的通信距離，得出較精確的最大通信距離。再通過(guò)公式計(jì)算，得出傳播損耗的具體數(shù)值。隨后導(dǎo)入模型中進(jìn)行修訂。
其中，在每種環(huán)境下測(cè)試時(shí)，都會(huì)通過(guò)對(duì)發(fā)射器天線高度的調(diào)整來(lái)獲取不同的數(shù)據(jù)。具體的高度設(shè)定在地面、距地面1m高以及距地面1.5m高。其結(jié)果表明，每次提高發(fā)射器天線的高度都會(huì)帶來(lái)通信距離的提升，從而影響了所涉及到的諸多數(shù)據(jù)。在修訂完成之后，更加準(zhǔn)確的描述了所測(cè)試環(huán)境的無(wú)線傳播環(huán)境。

關(guān)鍵詞：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)；山地；草地；公路；傳播模型；天線；Jennic節(jié)點(diǎn)


Optimization Design of Signal Propagation Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract：How accurate is the revised propagation model signal propagation model for wireless sensor networks to optimize the design of the key issues, whether it is related to the collected data to calculate accurately and efficiently, directly affect the predicted results of the design. This requires not only the choice of the model to be appropriate, while the experimental equipment and experimental procedures have to make rigorous selection and planning. In order hardware and limited environmental conditions, as much as possible so that the collected data remain accurate in order to import the model in the process as much as possible to reduce errors.
Graduation design, experimental environment for smooth roads, grass plains , mountain surface. Since the deployment of wireless sensor network nodes and the environment are closely related to the distance , the scene of the practical application of intensive human activities highway , a small amount of grass trees and shrubs , there are forested mountainous topography . And dissemination of model parameters chosen to match the 2.4GHz omnidirectional antenna and Jennic company's 5139 -type sensor node test hardware. Suitable existing 2.4GHz and mountain propagation model is Egli model , after this general model in practice need to be revised in order to fit the specific environment. Can be obtained from experimental data such as the maximum propagation distance , a transmitter and a mobile gantry frame, high Higher data , coupled with some data obtained via a look-up table , so that the propagation loss formula under different environmental conditions can be calculated from the propagation loss . It can be concluded that this is mainly designed to be revised propagation loss formulas for different terrain correction factor correction gains made ​​. Specifically under different conditions by measuring the inter-partition communication distance between the transmitter and gives a more accurate maximum communication distance. Through the calculation , the propagation loss of the specific values obtained . Then import the model be revised.
Wherein the different data to obtain , in each test environment by the transmitter antennas are adjusted height . Specific height setting on the ground , away from the ground floor 1m high and 1.5m high . The results show that the increase of each transmitter antenna height to improve the communication distance will bring , thus affecting many of the data involved . After completion of the amendments , a more accurate description of the radio propagation environment of the test environment.

Key Words:Wireless Sensor Networks; Mountain;Propagation models; Antenna; Mode; Accurate

目錄
第一章 概述 1
1.1 研究意義 1
1.2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 2
1.3 本文結(jié)構(gòu) 3
第二章 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 4
2.1 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡(jiǎn)介 4
2.2 天線和節(jié)點(diǎn) 5
2.3 傳播模型 10
第三章 修訂方法及實(shí)驗(yàn)校正 14
3.1理論步驟 15
3.1.1設(shè)備及模型選擇 15
3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)校正 18
3.2.1實(shí)地測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù) 18
3.2.2 實(shí)地測(cè)量照片 21
3.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 22
致 謝 24
參考文獻(xiàn) 25