低速電動轎車動力性匹配分析
Dynamic Matching Analysis of Low-speed Electric Cars

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摘要： 汽車的動力性系是指汽車在良好路面上直線行駛時汽車受到的縱向外力決定的，所能達(dá)到的平均行駛速度。從獲得盡可能的平均行駛速度的觀點(diǎn)來看，汽車的動力性主要由汽車的最高車速，加速時間，最大爬坡度來評定。
汽車傳動系統(tǒng)是位于動力裝置和驅(qū)動車輪之間的動力傳動裝置，其基本功用是將動力裝置發(fā)出的動力傳給驅(qū)動車輪。
傳動系統(tǒng)的首要任務(wù)是與動力裝置協(xié)同工作，以保證汽車在各種行駛條件下正常行駛所必需的驅(qū)動力與車速，并使汽車具有良好的動力性和燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性。傳動系統(tǒng)具有以下功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)減速增距；實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車變速；實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車倒駛；必要時中斷傳動系統(tǒng)的動力傳遞；應(yīng)使兩側(cè)驅(qū)動車輪具有差速作用。
電動汽車傳動系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)是否合理匹配對電動汽車的動力性、續(xù)駛里程等都有顯著的影響。本次畢業(yè)論文的主要工作如下：
概括電動汽車的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，分析電動汽車的分類和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，討論電動汽車幾種傳動系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及特點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，從成本和技術(shù)兩方面考慮，確定家用低速電動轎車的驅(qū)動方案。
從整車技術(shù)參數(shù)出發(fā)，對低速電動轎車的電動機(jī)參數(shù)、蓄電池參數(shù)、輪胎參數(shù)、驅(qū)動橋參數(shù)進(jìn)行匹配分析計(jì)算并進(jìn)行選型，為保證低速電動轎車的動力性，設(shè)計(jì)兩檔變速箱，以續(xù)駛里程為目標(biāo)函數(shù)，對變速箱的傳動比進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。并根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)對電動轎車的動力性能進(jìn)行理論校核。

關(guān)鍵詞： 電動汽車 動力性 傳動系統(tǒng) 參數(shù) 匹配

Dynamic Matching Analysis of Low-speed Electric Cars

Abstract: Automobile dynamic system refers to when driving in good straight pavement, the vehicle is determined by the longitudinal force, can achieve the average speed. From the point of view to get as much as possible of the average speed, automobile dynamic property is mainly assessed by the maximum speed of the car, acceleration time and maximum gradability.
Automotive Transmission is a power transmission unit which is located between the power unit and drive wheel. Its basic use is to transmit power from the power unit to the drive wheels.
The primary task of the transmission system is to work together with the power unit in order to ensure the driving force and the speed of the car in a variety of driving conditions as well as good power and fuel economy.The transmission system has the following features: Deceleration extender; variable speed; car driving inverted; to interrupt the drive train of the power transmission when necessary; should enable both sides of the driving wheel having a differential action.
Whether the parameter matching of the electric vehicle drive system is reasonable has important implications for automobile dynamic property of electric vehicle and driving range. The graduation of the project is as follows:
To elaborate the status of the development of electric vehicles, classification and key technologies of electric vehicles, to discuss the composition and characteristics of the electric vehicles of several transmission system .On this basis, in terms of cost and technical considerations, determine the household low-speed electric car driving scheme.
Considering of the technical parameters of vehicle, make matching calculation and selection of the parameters of the motor, battery parameters , the low-speed electric car tire parameters and drive axle parameters, in order to ensure the low-speed electric car power, design a two tranches gearbox, Take the continued driving range as the objective function, the transmission gear ratio has been optimized. Finally, make theoretical check in accordance with the design parameters of the low-speed electric vehicle power performance.
Key words electric car dynamic property transmission system matching parameters

目錄

第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題研究背景 2
1.1.1我國的電動汽車發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及前景 2
1.1.2國外的電動汽車發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及前景 3
1.1.3低速電動轎車動力性匹配分析 4
1.2低速電動轎車動力性匹配分析的必要性與可行性 6
1.2.1電動汽車的分類 6
1.2.2純電動汽車的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 11
1.2.3本論文的目的及意義 12
1.3本論文的主要內(nèi)容及方法 14
第二章 低速電動轎車動力性方案選擇 15
2.1電動汽車動力傳動系統(tǒng)基本構(gòu)成 15
2.2 電動汽車動力傳動系統(tǒng)布置形式 16
第三章 低速電動轎車傳動裝置參數(shù)確定 18
3.1電動機(jī)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.2蓄電池的參數(shù)選擇 23
3.2.1電池的數(shù)目 24
3.2.2電池組容量的選擇 25
3.3車輪選型 26
3.4傳動系統(tǒng)參數(shù)匹配 28
3.5兩檔變速器的設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.5.1傳動比范圍的確定 31
3.5.2傳動比的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 33
3.5.3變速器中心距的確定 37
3.5.4變速器齒輪齒數(shù)的確定 37
3.6低速電動轎車動力性理論校核 40
3.6.1最高車速 41
3.6.2最大爬坡度 41
3.6.3加速時間 42
結(jié)論 44
致謝 45
參考文獻(xiàn) 46