電力系統(tǒng)低碳效益的評(píng)估模型與方法研究

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摘要 全球氣候變化是人類社會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展所面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn)，而電力行業(yè)的低碳化發(fā)展則是應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵舉措。人類電力二氧化碳的排放是二氧化碳排放的一個(gè)重要來(lái)源，低碳電力是未來(lái)電力的必然選擇，因此做好低碳電力的工作有著重要的意義。在低碳這個(gè)背景下，我國(guó)電力行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀中存在能源利用率低，二氧化碳排放量大且增長(zhǎng)迅速，能源消耗結(jié)構(gòu)不合理和未來(lái)電力需求增大等問(wèn)題。本文在闡述我國(guó)電力二氧化碳排放狀況和實(shí)行低碳的必要性，以及國(guó)外低碳電力發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行研究討論，提出了電力低碳效益的概念與相應(yīng)的分析方法，并從發(fā)電環(huán)節(jié)、輸電環(huán)節(jié)和用電環(huán)節(jié)分析了電力的碳排放，建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的電力低碳效益評(píng)估模型，還根據(jù)我國(guó)典型數(shù)據(jù)分析了電力在發(fā)電環(huán)節(jié)使用新能源，輸電環(huán)節(jié)討論輸煤和輸電兩種和用電環(huán)節(jié)使用節(jié)能燈和節(jié)能汽車過(guò)程中的低碳效益，并驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。
關(guān)鍵詞：電力 低碳 發(fā)電 輸電 用電 評(píng)估模型



Studies assessing the benefits of low-carbon power system models and methods
Abstract: Global climate change is a major challenge to achieve sustainable development of human society faces,The development of low-carbon power industry is the key initiatives to meet the challenges.Human carbon dioxide emissions of power is an important source of carbon dioxide emissions, low-carbon electricity is the inevitable choice of electricity coming, so do a good job of low-carbon electricity has an important significance.In this context of low-carbon,in the presence of the status quo of China's power industry is low energy use, carbon dioxide emissions from large and growing rapidly,the energy consumption structure is irrational and future increases in electricity demand and other issues.This paper describes research discussed on the basis of the situation of China's carbon dioxide emissions of power and the need for the implementation of low-carbon and low-carbon electricity developments abroad on,The concept and the corresponding carbon-efficient power analysis methods, and from the power generation sector,electricity transmission links and link analysis of the carbon emissions of electricity,The establishment of a standardized performance eva luation model of low-carbon electricity,also according to the power of a typical data analysis aspects of the use of new energy in power generation, transmission and transmission links discuss two kinds of coal and electricity sectors use energy-saving lamps and energy-efficient cars in the process of carbon effectiveness and the validity of the model.
Keywords: electricity low-carbon generate electricity electricity transmission electricity assessment model


目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題研究背景 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.1 國(guó)外的研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2.2中國(guó)低碳電力發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及潛力 4
1.3本文研究?jī)?nèi)容 7
第二章 發(fā)電環(huán)節(jié)低碳效益評(píng)估模型與研究 8
2.1 發(fā)電環(huán)節(jié)的低碳效益 8
2.2 適應(yīng)不同調(diào)度模式的電力系統(tǒng)CO2排放計(jì)算模型 9
2.2.1模型的整體框架 9
2.3 模型的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式 9
2.3.1電力CO2排放計(jì)算 9
2.3.2節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度方案 10
2.3.3節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度的控制因子 11
2.3.4煤耗—發(fā)電小時(shí)數(shù)分配函數(shù) 11
2.3.5Δh和λ與節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度實(shí)施程度的關(guān)系 12
2.3.6基于Δh平衡點(diǎn)的節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度方案 12
2.4　節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度模式實(shí)現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析 13
第三章 輸電環(huán)節(jié)低碳效益評(píng)估模型與研究 15
3.1電網(wǎng)輸電的低碳效益 15
3.1.1 能源傳輸效率對(duì)電網(wǎng)低碳效益的貢獻(xiàn) 16
3.2電網(wǎng)低碳效益的評(píng)估框架 16
3.3電網(wǎng)低碳效益的評(píng)估模型 17
3.3.1基本思路 17
3.3.2電能傳輸過(guò)程中的碳排放分析 17
3.3.3以煤炭為主的能源傳輸過(guò)程中碳排放分析 18
3.3.4電網(wǎng)低碳效益的計(jì)算 19
3.4算例分析 20
3.4.1基本數(shù)據(jù) 20
3.4.2基態(tài)計(jì)算分析 21
3.4.3靈敏度分析 21
第四章 用電環(huán)節(jié)低碳效益評(píng)估模型與研究 24
4.1用電環(huán)節(jié)的低碳效益 24
4.2節(jié)能燈 25
4.2.1節(jié)能燈簡(jiǎn)介 25
4.2.2節(jié)能燈低碳評(píng)估模型 26
4.2.3節(jié)能燈算例 27
4.3節(jié)能汽車 27
4.3.1節(jié)能汽車簡(jiǎn)介 27
4.3.2節(jié)能汽車低碳評(píng)估模型 29
4.3.3算例分析 30
4.4本章小結(jié) 32
第五章 結(jié)論 33
致謝 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35