城市道路T型交叉口交通改善設(shè)計(jì)

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摘 要 近年來(lái)，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)迅猛增長(zhǎng)，城市道路的交通壓力也越來(lái)越大。在工業(yè)化國(guó)家，城市交通事故有50%--80%發(fā)生于交叉口周?chē)?；有?zhuān)用轉(zhuǎn)向車(chē)道、信號(hào)相位控制的交叉口，其通行能力也只是路段上的40%--70%；機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)有80%--90%的延誤是由交叉口造成，在市區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的行駛時(shí)間有1/3是花在交叉口上?？梢?jiàn)交叉口在城市路網(wǎng)中有著極其重要的作為和地位，城市交叉口合理的改善設(shè)計(jì)也有其重要性和必要性。
本文以城市道路T型交叉口為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)交叉口進(jìn)行通行空間和信號(hào)控制兩方面的改善設(shè)計(jì)。首先從交叉口處交通參與者的角度出發(fā)，分析交通事故發(fā)生的原因并提出與行人相關(guān)交通安全問(wèn)題的解決方案；然后結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于交叉口改善設(shè)計(jì)的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行綜合分析，提出了從通行空間和時(shí)間信號(hào)控制兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行交叉口的改善設(shè)計(jì)；最后列舉了實(shí)際的T型交叉口案例，通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查、交叉口存在問(wèn)題和交通特性分析進(jìn)行空間和時(shí)間兩個(gè)方面的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，證明了兩種方法結(jié)合運(yùn)用的實(shí)用性和有效性。
關(guān)鍵詞：城市道路 T型交叉口 改善設(shè)計(jì) 通行空間 信號(hào)控制


The Study of City Road T-intersection Traffic Improvement Design
Abstract In recent years, with the development of economy and the rapid growth of vehicles, the traffic pressure on the city roads is growing. In industrialized countries, 50% to 80% of urban traffic accidents occurred at intersection. The capacity of the dedicated turn lanes and signal control intersection was only 40% to 70% compared with the link capacity, while vehicles had 80% - 90% of the delays and were caused by the intersection within the city area, 1/3 of travel time was spent on intersection. We conclude that intersection play an extremely important role in the city road network. The reasonable improvement design of urban intersection also has its importance and necessity.
This paper takes urban road T-intersection as the research object, carrying out the design from both sides of the intersection traffic signal control and space improve. First, from the perspective of intersection traffic participants, it analyzes the causes of traffic accidents and puts forward traffic safety issues related to pedestrian, then to analyze them based on the existing literature about intersection, and introduce the design from two aspects of proposed conduct traffic control space and time signals. Finally this paper presents an improvement based on an actual T-intersection by survey data, the problems of intersection and the analysis of traffic character from both sides of space and time, proving the practicality and effectiveness through the combine of the two methods.
Key Word: city road T-intersection improvement design space signal control目 錄
第一章 緒 論 - 1 -
1.1 選題背景 - 1 -
1.2 研究目的與意義 - 1 -
1.2.1 研究目的 - 1 -
1.2.2 研究意義 - 2 -
1.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 - 2 -
1.4 研究方法與設(shè)計(jì)路線 - 2 -
1.5 本文主要內(nèi)容 - 3 -
第二章 交叉口步行交通安全問(wèn)題分析 - 5 -
2.1 步行交通安全問(wèn)題背景 - 5 -
2.2 步行交通安全現(xiàn)狀 - 5 -
2.3 步行交通安全問(wèn)題成因分析 - 5 -
2.3.1 交通規(guī)劃不合理 - 5 -
2.3.2 行人過(guò)街交通設(shè)施不合理 - 6 -
2.3.3 步行交通組織管理不合理 - 6 -
2.3.4 行人自身因素 - 7 -
第三章 T型交叉口交通改善設(shè)計(jì) - 8 -
3.1 通行空間交通改善設(shè)計(jì) - 8 -
3.1.1 交通渠化方面的改善 - 8 -
3.1.2 行人過(guò)街安全設(shè)施改善設(shè)計(jì) - 11 -
3.1.3 完善相關(guān)標(biāo)志、標(biāo)線 - 13 -
3.1.4 T型交叉口豎向設(shè)計(jì) - 13 -
3.2 T型交叉口信號(hào)控制改善設(shè)計(jì) - 16 -
3.2.1 信號(hào)控制設(shè)備安裝 - 16 -
3.2.2 延長(zhǎng)信號(hào)周期 - 17 -
3.2.3 設(shè)立行人保護(hù)相位 - 18 -
3.2.4 分相位設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)化 - 19 -
3.2.5 結(jié)論和建議 - 20 -
第四章 案例分析 - 21 -
4.1 交叉口基本情況 - 21 -
4.1.1 交叉口平面圖 - 23 -
4.1.2 交叉口信號(hào)相位方案 - 24 -
4.1.3 信號(hào)配時(shí)圖 - 24 -
4.2 交叉口交通改善設(shè)計(jì) - 26 -
4.2.1 交叉口存在問(wèn)題分析 - 26 -
4.2.2 交叉口改善設(shè)計(jì) - 28 -
4.3 結(jié)果評(píng)價(jià) - 30 -
第五章 總結(jié) - 31 -
致 謝 - 33 -
參考文獻(xiàn) - 34 -